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The Tracheobronchial Tree and the Pleurae

Beschreibung

Medicine Anatomy of Systems Quiz am The Tracheobronchial Tree and the Pleurae, erstellt von Charlotte Jakes am 14/05/2020.
Charlotte Jakes
Quiz von Charlotte Jakes, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Charlotte Jakes
Erstellt von Charlotte Jakes vor etwa 4 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
What marks the beginning of the tracheobronchial tree?
Antworten
  • The trachea
  • The carina
  • The bronchi
  • The larynx

Frage 2

Frage
Where does the trachea arise?
Antworten
  • At the lower border of the cricoid cartilage
  • At the carina
  • At the level of the 1st rib
  • At the level of C1

Frage 3

Frage
At what level does the trachea bifurcate into the right and left main bronchi?
Antworten
  • Sternal angle (T4/T5)
  • T1
  • At the entry of the superior vena cava into the right atrium
  • At the gastrooesophageal junction

Frage 4

Frage
In what relation is the trachea compared to the oesophagus?
Antworten
  • Anterior
  • Posterior

Frage 5

Frage
The trachea is held open by cartilage. What shape does this cartilage take?
Antworten
  • C-shaped rings
  • Circular rings
  • Biconcave rings
  • U-shaped rings

Frage 6

Frage
What supports the free ends of the rings of cartilage that support the trachea?
Antworten
  • Trachealis muscle
  • Collagen
  • The vertebrae
  • Adipose tissue

Frage 7

Frage
What type of epithelium will you find in the trachea and bronchi?
Antworten
  • Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
  • Ciliated stratified squamous epithelium
  • Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
  • Stratified squamous epithelium

Frage 8

Frage
The trachea and bronchi's epithelia are interspersed with goblet cells. What is the function of these goblet cells?
Antworten
  • Produce mucous
  • Produce surfactant
  • Ciliated
  • Secrete antimicrobial enzymes

Frage 9

Frage
What name is given to the combined system which traps inhaled particles and pathogens and moves them up out of the airways to be swallowed and destroyed?
Antworten
  • Mucociliary escalator
  • Ciliary system
  • Mucous system
  • Tracheobronchial escalator

Frage 10

Frage
What name is given to the ridge of cartilage at the bifurcation of the trachea which runs anteroposteriorly between the openings of the two bronchi?
Antworten
  • Carina
  • Larynx
  • Pharynx
  • Cricothyroid cartilage

Frage 11

Frage
The carina is the most sensitive area of the trachea for triggering the cough reflex.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 12

Frage
What provides the trachea with sensory innervation?
Antworten
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Left vagus nerve
  • Right vagus nerve
  • Cervical plexus

Frage 13

Frage
The trachea is vascularised by the tracheal branches of the...
Antworten
  • Inferior thyroid artery
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Coronary arteries
  • Pulmonary arteries

Frage 14

Frage
Which of the following provide the venous drainage of the trachea?
Antworten
  • Brachiocephalic veins
  • Azygos vein
  • Accessory hemiazygos vein
  • Coeliac trunk

Frage 15

Frage
Which main bronchus is wider, shorter, and descends more vertically than its counterpart?
Antworten
  • Right main bronchus
  • Left main bronchus

Frage 16

Frage
In which main bronchus is there a higher incidence of foreign body inhalation?
Antworten
  • Right main bronchus
  • Left main bronchus

Frage 17

Frage
The right superior lobar bronchus arises before the right main bronchus enters the hilum of the right lung.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 18

Frage
Where does the left main bronchus pass in relation to the arch of the aorta?
Antworten
  • Inferiorly
  • Superiorly
  • Anteriorly
  • Posteriorly

Frage 19

Frage
Where does the left main bronchus pass in relation to the thoracic aorta and oesophagus?
Antworten
  • Anteriorly
  • Posteriorly
  • Inferiorly
  • Superiorly

Frage 20

Frage
In the lungs, both main/primary bronchi divide into lobar/secondary bronchi, each supplying a lobe. How many lobar bronchi does the right lung have?
Antworten
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • 4

Frage 21

Frage
In the lungs, both main/primary bronchi divide into lobar/secondary bronchi, each supplying a lobe. How many lobar bronchi does the left lung have?
Antworten
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

Frage 22

Frage
The lobar/secondary bronchi then bifurcate into several segmental/tertiary bronchi. What do these supply?
Antworten
  • Bronchopulmonary segments
  • Lobes of the lung
  • Alveoli
  • Interstitial tissue

Frage 23

Frage
Which is true of the cartilage of the MAIN bronchi?
Antworten
  • Completely circular rings
  • C-shaped rings
  • Crescent shaped rings
  • No cartilage

Frage 24

Frage
Which is true of the cartilage of the lobar and segmental bronchi?
Antworten
  • Crescent-shaped
  • C-shaped
  • Complete rings
  • No cartilage

Frage 25

Frage
Which of the following innervate the bronchi?
Antworten
  • Pulmonary branches of the vagus nerve (CNX)
  • Accessory nerve (CNXI)
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Greater thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-T9)

Frage 26

Frage
The bronchi are supplied by the bronchial arteries and drained by the bronchial veins.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 27

Frage
Where do the bronchial arteries arise from?
Antworten
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Renal arteries
  • Coeliac trunk
  • Common hepatic artery

Frage 28

Frage
The bronchial veins drain into the accessory hemiazygos vein, the azygos vein and the superior vena cava.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 29

Frage
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe how the bronchi divide to serve the lungs.
Image:
Tracheobronchial+Tree (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • Right upper lobe
  • Right middle lobe
  • Right lower lobe
  • Superior division
  • Lingular division
  • Left upper lobe
  • Left lower lobe
  • Bronchi of the right upper lobe
  • Bronchi of the right middle lobe
  • Bronchi of the right lower lobe
  • Bronchi of the left upper lobe
  • Bronchi of the left lower lobe

Frage 30

Frage
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the tracheobronchial tree.
Image:
Tracheobronchila+Tree+Baby! (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • Main/primary bronchi
  • Segmental/tertiary
  • Subsegmental/quaternary bronchi
  • Lobar/secondary bronchi
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Right main bronchus
  • Left main bronchus
  • Right superior lobar bronchus
  • Intermediate bronchus
  • Right middle lobar bronchus
  • Right inferior lobar bronchus
  • Segmental bronchi
  • Subsegmental bronchi
  • Left superior lobar bronchi
  • Lingular bronchus
  • Inferior lobar bronchus

Frage 31

Frage
What is the lingula?
Antworten
  • A homologue of the middle lobe in the left lung
  • The notch in the left lung caused by the apex of the heart
  • The ring of cartilage transversing the bronchi at the bifurcation of the trachea
  • The point at which the larynx becomes the trachea

Frage 32

Frage
The bronchioles are the smallest airways of the tracheobronchial tree. Which of the following do they NOT contain?
Antworten
  • Club cells
  • Cartilage
  • Goblet cells
  • Cilia
  • Smooth muscle

Frage 33

Frage
What do the club cells of the bronchioles secrete?
Antworten
  • Surfactant
  • Mucous
  • Histamine
  • Nitric oxide

Frage 34

Frage
Which bronchioles are the initial bronchioles which transport air but lack glands and are not involved in gas exchange?
Antworten
  • Conducting bronchioles
  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Respiratory bronchioles

Frage 35

Frage
Conducting bronchioles branch into...
Antworten
  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Respiratory bronchioles

Frage 36

Frage
Which bronchioles end in alveoli?
Antworten
  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Conducting bronchioles

Frage 37

Frage
What type of epithelium will you find in the alveoli?
Antworten
  • Simple squamous epithelium
  • Simple columnar epithelium
  • Stratified squamous epithelium
  • Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Frage 38

Frage
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the passage of air in the tracheobronchial tree.
Image:
Bronchioles (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • Main/primary bronchus
  • Lobar/secondary bronchus
  • Segmental/tertiary bronchi
  • Terminal bronchioles
  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Alveolar duct
  • Alveolus
  • Lobule

Frage 39

Frage
What are the pleurae?
Antworten
  • Serous membranes lining the lungs and thoracic cavity
  • Serous membranes covering the heart
  • The borders of the lungs
  • The terminal bronchioles of the lungs

Frage 40

Frage
The serous membranes consist of what?
Antworten
  • Simple squamous cells (mesothelium) supported by connective tissue
  • Simple squamous cells (mesothelium)
  • Fibrous connective tissue
  • Adipose connective tissue

Frage 41

Frage
Which pleural membrane covers the lungs?
Antworten
  • Visceral pleura
  • Parietal pleura

Frage 42

Frage
Which pleural membrane lines the internal surface of the thoracic cavity?
Antworten
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura

Frage 43

Frage
What is the pleural cavity?
Antworten
  • The potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura
  • The space between the parietal pleura and thoracic wall
  • The space between the visceral pleura and lungs
  • The space between the visceral pleura and heart

Frage 44

Frage
Which layer of the pleurae is thicker?
Antworten
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura

Frage 45

Frage
The visceral pleura does not extend into the interlobar fissures.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 46

Frage
Where is the visceral pleura continuous with the parietal pleura?
Antworten
  • At the hilum of the lung
  • At the bifurcation of the trachea
  • At the apex of the lung
  • At the base of the lung

Frage 47

Frage
The pleural cavity contains a small volume of serous fluid. This helps lubricate the surfaces of the pleurae as well as...
Antworten
  • Provide surface tension to ensure the lungs expand when the thorax expands
  • Antimicrobial function
  • Provides a root for neurovasculature
  • Provides a root for the bronchioles

Frage 48

Frage
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the regions of the parietal pleura.
Image:
Visceral+Pleura (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • Cervical
  • Costal
  • Mediastinal
  • Diaphragmatic

Frage 49

Frage
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe this cross section through the thoracic cavity, paying attention to the pleurae.
Image:
Lungs+Cross+Section (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • Vertebra
  • Right lung
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura
  • Pleural cavity
  • Pericardial membranes
  • Sternum
  • Anterior mediastinum
  • Heart
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Thoracic wall
  • Left lung
  • Left pulmonary vein
  • Left pulmonary artery
  • Left main bronchus
  • Root of lung at hilum
  • Oesophagus

Frage 50

Frage
What are the pleural recesses?
Antworten
  • Where opposing surfaces of the parietal pleura touch
  • Where there is no fluid in the pleural membranes
  • Where there is no visceral pleura covering the lungs
  • Where the visceral pleura becomes continuous with parietal pleura

Frage 51

Frage
Why are the pleural recesses of clinical importance?
Antworten
  • Provide a location where fluid can collect
  • Provide a location where irritation of the lungs occurs
  • Provide a location where the thoracic wall is vulnerable
  • Provide a location where pulmonary embolisms are likely

Frage 52

Frage
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the pleural recesses.
Image:
Pleural+Recesses (binary/octet-stream)
Antworten
  • Trachea
  • Cervical pleura
  • Endothoracic fascia
  • Costal pleura
  • Pleural cavity
  • Visceral pleura
  • Diaphragmatic pleura
  • Costodiaphragmatic recess
  • Mediastinal pleura
  • Lingula
  • Costomediastinal recess
  • Cardiac notch
  • Costal surface of left lung

Frage 53

Frage
Which pleural membrane is sensitive to pressure, pain and temperature?
Antworten
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura

Frage 54

Frage
Which pleural membrane is not sensitive to pain temperature or touch - it is only sensitive to stretch?
Antworten
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura

Frage 55

Frage
Which parts of the parietal pleura are innervated by the segmental intercostal nerves, meaning pain here is highly localised?
Antworten
  • Costal
  • Cervical
  • Diaphragmatic
  • Mediastinal

Frage 56

Frage
Which parts of the parietal pleura are innervated by the phrenic nerve (C3-C5), meaning pain there is referred to the shoulders?
Antworten
  • Diaphragmatic
  • Mediastinal
  • Costal
  • Cervical

Frage 57

Frage
Which pleural membrane is supplied by the pulmonary plexus - a network of fibres from the sympathetic trunk and vagus nerve?
Antworten
  • Visceral pleura
  • Parietal pleura

Frage 58

Frage
Which pleural membrane is supplied by the intercostal arteries?
Antworten
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura

Frage 59

Frage
Which pleural membrane is supplied by the bronchial arteries?
Antworten
  • Parietal pleura
  • Visceral pleura
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