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The Mediastinum

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Medicine Anatomy of Systems Quiz on The Mediastinum, created by Charlotte Jakes on 17/05/2020.
Charlotte Jakes
Quiz by Charlotte Jakes, updated more than 1 year ago
Charlotte Jakes
Created by Charlotte Jakes about 4 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is the mediastinum?
Answer
  • The central compartment of the thoracic cavity between the two pleural sacs
  • The posterior compartment of the thoracic cavity behind the two pleural sacs
  • The abdominal cavity
  • The opening into the thorax bound by the first thoracic vertebra and first ribs

Question 2

Question
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the regions of the mediastinum.
Image:
Mediastinum+Innit+X (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Superior mediastinum
  • Superior compartment
  • Inferior compartment
  • Line between sternal angle and T4
  • Anterior mediastinum
  • Middle mediastinum
  • Posterior mediastinum

Question 3

Question
The superior thoracic aperture might also be referred to as the 'thoracic inlet', which is unusual because 'thoracic outlet' syndromes occur there.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
What is the superior thoracic aperture bound by?
Answer
  • T1, inside of first rib, superior border of manubrium
  • T1, inside of first rib, sternal angle
  • T2, inside of second rib, sternal angle
  • T1, inside of second rib, xiphisternum

Question 5

Question
The suprapleural membrane arches over the superior thoracic aperture to seal the neck from the thoracic cavity. Where is the suprapleural membrane found?
Answer
  • Between C7 and the first rib
  • Between C1 and the first rib
  • Between T1 and the first rib
  • Between T1 and the second rib

Question 6

Question
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the superior thoracic aperture. The suprapleural membrane is shown in green.
Image:
Superior+Thoracic+Aperture+Innit (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Oesophagus
  • Trachea
  • Internal jugular vein
  • Subclavian vessels
  • Second rib
  • Apex of right lung
  • First rib
  • Superior thoracic aperture
  • Common carotid artery
  • Manubrium

Question 7

Question
What forms the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture/thoracic outlet
Answer
  • Costal margin, tip of the 11th rib, inferior border of 12th rib, T12
  • Costal margin, T12
  • Inferior border of the 12th rib, T12
  • Costal margin, tip of the 11th rib, inferior border of 12th rib, L1

Question 8

Question
Where is the theoretical line that divides the mediastinum into superior and inferior compartments?
Answer
  • Between the sternal angle and T4
  • Between the jugular notch and C7
  • Between the sternal angle and T2
  • Between the xiphisternum and T7

Question 9

Question
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the borders of the superior mediastinum. SUPERIOR - [blank_start]thoracic inlet[blank_end] INFERIOR - continuous with the inferior mediastinum at the level of [blank_start]the sternal angle[blank_end] ANTERIOR - [blank_start]manubrium[blank_end] of the sternum POSTERIOR - vertebral bodies of [blank_start]T1-T4[blank_end] LATERAL - [blank_start]pleurae of the lungs[blank_end]
Answer
  • thoracic inlet
  • base of the skull
  • the sternal angle
  • T7
  • C1
  • manubrium
  • body
  • xiphoid process
  • T1-T4
  • C1-T1
  • T1-T7
  • pleurae of the lungs

Question 10

Question
Which of the following vessels will you find in the superior mediastinum?
Answer
  • Arch of aorta and its three major branches
  • Superior vena cava
  • Brachiocephalic veins
  • Left superior intercostal vein
  • Supreme intercostal vein
  • Azygos vein
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Coeliac trunk
  • External carotid artery
  • Basilic vein

Question 11

Question
Which of the following nerves will you find in the superior mediastinum?
Answer
  • Vagus nerves
  • Phrenic nerves
  • Cardiac nerves
  • Sympathetic trunk
  • Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Oesophageal plexus
  • Pudendal nerve
  • Sciatic nerve

Question 12

Question
Which of the following structures will you find in the superior mediastinum?
Answer
  • Thymus gland
  • Trachea
  • Oesophagus
  • Thoracic duct
  • Diaphragm
  • Stomach
  • Heart

Question 13

Question
Which of the following muscles will you find in the superior mediastinum?
Answer
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Longus colli
  • Anterior scalene
  • Posterior scalene
  • Sternocleidomastoid

Question 14

Question
Drag and drop the correct answers to label the neurovasculature of the superior mediastinum.
Image:
Superior+Mediastinum (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Right reccurent laryngeal nerve
  • Anterior scalene
  • Right phrenic nerve
  • Brachiocephalic trunk
  • Left subclavian vein
  • Left subclavian artery
  • Left internal jugular vein
  • Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Left common carotid artery

Question 15

Question
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the veins found in the mediastinum.
Image:
Thoracic+Veins (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Left superior intercostal vein
  • Accessory hemiazygos vein
  • Communication between azygos/hemiazygos
  • Azygos vein
  • Arch of azygos
  • Superior vena cava
  • Right superior intercostal vein
  • Intercostal veins

Question 16

Question
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the arteries of the thoracic cage.
Image:
Arteries+Of+Thorax (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Supreme intercostal artery
  • Costocervical trunk
  • subclavian artery
  • Posterior intercostal artery
  • Collateral branch
  • Musculophrenic artery
  • Superior epigastric artery
  • Anterior intercostal artery
  • Anterior perforating branches
  • Internal thoracic artery
  • Aorta

Question 17

Question
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the borders of the anterior mediastinum. LATERAL: [blank_start]mediastinal pleura[blank_end] ANTERIOR: [blank_start]body[blank_end] of the sternum and [blank_start]transversus thoracis[blank_end] POSTERIOR: [blank_start]pericardium[blank_end] ROOF: continuous with superior mediastinum at the level of [blank_start]the sternal angle[blank_end] FLOOR: [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end]
Answer
  • mediastinal pleura
  • costal pleura
  • diaphragmatic pleura
  • body
  • xiphoid process
  • manubrium
  • transversus thoracis
  • pericardium
  • oesophagus
  • diaphragm
  • the sternal angle
  • T5
  • C1

Question 18

Question
The anterior mediastinum contains no major structures.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
What extends inferiorly into the anterior mediastinum in children?
Answer
  • Thymus
  • Pericardium
  • Right lung
  • Oesophagus

Question 20

Question
Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the borders of the middle mediastinum. ANTERIOR: [blank_start]anterior margin of pericardium[blank_end] POSTERIOR: [blank_start]posterior border of pericardium[blank_end] LATERAL: [blank_start]mediastinal pleura[blank_end] SUPERIOR: theoretical line between sternal angle and [blank_start]T4[blank_end] INFERIOR: superior surface of [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end]
Answer
  • anterior margin of pericardium
  • body of sternum
  • posterior border of pericardium
  • mediastinal pleura
  • costal pleura
  • diaphragmatic pleura
  • T4
  • T1
  • T7
  • diaphragm
  • stomach
  • pericardium

Question 21

Question
Which of the following occur in the middle mediastinum?
Answer
  • Heart
  • Tracheal bifurcation
  • Thymus
  • Oesophagus
  • Lungs

Question 22

Question
Which of the following vessels will you find in the middle mediastinum?
Answer
  • Ascending aorta
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Superior vena cava
  • Aortic arch
  • Brachiocephalic vein
  • Posterior thoracic arteries

Question 23

Question
Which of the following nerveswill you find in the middle mediastinum?
Answer
  • Cardiac plexus
  • Phrenic nerves
  • Vagus nerve
  • Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Oesophageal nerves

Question 24

Question
Which lymph nodes will you find in the middle mediastinum?
Answer
  • Tracheobronchial
  • Coeliac
  • Right gastroepiploic
  • Thoracic duct

Question 25

Question
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the borders of the posterior mediastinum. LATERAL: [blank_start]mediastinal pleura[blank_end] ANTERIOR: [blank_start]pericardium[blank_end] POSTERIOR: [blank_start]T5-T12 vertebrae[blank_end] ROOF: theoretical line between the sternal angle and [blank_start]T4[blank_end] FLOOR: [blank_start]diaphragm[blank_end]
Answer
  • mediastinal pleura
  • pericardium
  • T5-T12 vertebrae
  • T4-T7
  • T1-T4
  • T4
  • T1
  • T12
  • diaphragm
  • stomach

Question 26

Question
Which of the following vessels will you find in the posterior mediastinum?
Answer
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Posterior intercostal arteries
  • Bronchial arteries
  • Oesophageal arteries
  • Superior phrenic arteries
  • Azygos vein
  • Hemiazygos vein
  • Accessory hemiazygos vein
  • Coeliac trunk
  • Superior vena cava

Question 27

Question
Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the thoracic aorta.
Image:
Thoracic+Aorta+Innit+X (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Deep cervical artery
  • Costocervical trunk
  • 1st rib
  • Supreme intercostal artery
  • Ligamentum arteriosum
  • Coronary arteries
  • Mediastinal branches
  • Pericardial branches
  • Diaphragm
  • Superior phrenic arteries
  • Coeliac trunk
  • Subcostal artery
  • Posterior intercostal arteries
  • Oesophageal arteries
  • Thoracic aorta
  • Brocnhial arteries

Question 28

Question
Where will you find the oesophagus?
Answer
  • Posterior mediastinum
  • Anterior mediastinum
  • Superior mediastinum
  • Middle mediastinum

Question 29

Question
Which of the following vessels occur in the posterior mediastinum?
Answer
  • Oesophageal plexus
  • Sympathetic trunk
  • Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
  • Lateral pectoral nerve

Question 30

Question
The thoracic duct occurs in the posterior mediastinum.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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