The Vertebral Column: Muscles of the Back

Which group of back muscles are associated with movements of the shoulder?

Which group of back muscles are associated with the movements of the thoracic cage?

Which group of back muscles are associated with movements of the vertebral column?

Why are the deep muscles of the back described as intrinsic muscles, whereas the intermediate and superficial muscles are described as extrinsic?

The deep muscles of the back can be separated into three groups - superficial, intermediate and deep. The following questions will be about the superficial deep muscles of the back - the spinotransversales. Which of the following are part of the spinotransversales?

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the SPLENIUS CAPITIS muscle of the spinotransversales - the superficial deep muscles of the back. ORIGIN: [blank_start]ligamentum nuchae[blank_end] and spinous processes of [blank_start]C7-T3/4[blank_end] INSERTION: [blank_start]mastoid process[blank_end] and [blank_start]occipital[blank_end] bone of the skull INNERVATION: posterior rami of [blank_start]C3 and C4[blank_end] ACTIONS: [blank_start]ipsilateral[blank_end] rotation of the head

Drag and drop the correct labels to describe the SPLENIUS CERVICIS muscle of the SPINOTRANSVERSALES - the superficial deep muscles of the back. ORIGIN: [blank_start]spinous[blank_end] processes of [blank_start]T3-T6[blank_end] INSERTION: [blank_start]transverse[blank_end] processes of [blank_start]C1-3/4[blank_end] INNERVATION: posterior rami of lower [blank_start]cervical spinal[blank_end] nerves ACTIONS: [blank_start]ipsilateral[blank_end] rotation of the head

When acting together, what can the spinotransversales - the superficial deep muscles of the back - splenius capitis and spenius cervicis, do?

The following questions will be about the intermediate deep back muscles. These form a column known as the erectors spinae. Which of the following muscles are included in this group?

The muscles of the erector spinae all have a common tendinous origin. Where does this arise from? Check all that apply.

Where will you find the erector spinae?

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the ILIOCOSTALIS muscle of the ERECTOR SPINAE - the intermediate deep muscles of the back. ORIGIN: common tendinous origin INSERTION: costal angle of the [blank_start]12[blank_end] ribs and transverse processes of [blank_start]C1-C7[blank_end] INNERVATION: [blank_start]posterior[blank_end] rami of spinal nerves ACTIONS: [blank_start]unilateral[blank_end] flexion of the vertebral column, bilateral [blank_start]extension[blank_end] of the vertebral column and head

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the LONGISSIMUS muscle of the ERECTOR SPINAE - the intermediate deep muscles of the back. ORIGIN: common tendinous origin INSERTION: transverse processes of [blank_start]C2-T12[blank_end], the angles of ribs [blank_start]7-12[blank_end] and the [blank_start]mastoid process[blank_end] of the skull INNERVATION: [blank_start]posterior[blank_end] rami of the spinal nerves ACTIONS: unilateral [blank_start]lateral[blank_end] flexion of the vertebral column, [blank_start]bilateral[blank_end] extension of the vertebral column and head

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the SPINALIS muscle of the ERECTOR SPINAE - the intermediate deep muscles of the back. ORIGIN: common tendinous origin INSERTION: spinous processes of [blank_start]C2[blank_end], [blank_start]T1-T8[blank_end] and the [blank_start]occipital bone[blank_end] of the skull INNERVATION: [blank_start]posterior[blank_end] rami of the spinal nerves ACTIONS: unilateral [blank_start]lateral flexion[blank_end] of the vertebral column, bilateral [blank_start]extension[blank_end] of the vertebral column and head

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the superficial deep muscles of the back - the spinotransversales - and the intermediate deep muscles of the back - the erector spinae.

The following questions will be about the deep deep muscles of the back are located underneath the erector spinae. They are known as the transversospinales. Which of the following muscles are part of the transversospinales?

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the SEMISPINALIS muscle of the deep deep muscles of the back. ORIGIN: [blank_start]transverse[blank_end] processes of [blank_start]C4-T10[blank_end] INSERTION: [blank_start]spinous[blank_end] processes of [blank_start]C2-T4[blank_end] and [blank_start]occipital[blank_end] bone of the skull INNERVATION: [blank_start]posterior[blank_end] rami of the spinal nerves ACTIONS: [blank_start]extension[blank_end] and [blank_start]contralateral[blank_end] rotation of the head and vertebral column

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the MULTIFIDUS muscle of the TRANSVERSOSPINALES, the deep deep muscles of the back. ORIGIN: sacrum, [blank_start]posterior[blank_end] iliac spine, common tendinous origin of [blank_start]erector spinae[blank_end], [blank_start]mamillary[blank_end] processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of [blank_start]T1-T3[blank_end], articular processes of [blank_start]C4-C7[blank_end] INSERTION: [blank_start]spinous[blank_end] processes of vertebral segments 2-4 segments above INNERVATION: [blank_start]posterior rami[blank_end] of the spinal nerves ACTIONS: [blank_start]stabilisation[blank_end] of the vertebral column

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the ROTATORES muscle of the TRANSVERSOSPINALES - the deep deep muscles of the back. ORIGIN: [blank_start]transverse[blank_end] processes of [blank_start]T2-T12[blank_end] INSERTION: [blank_start]lamina[blank_end] and [blank_start]spinous[blank_end] processes of the immediately [blank_start]superior[blank_end] vertebrae INNERVATION: [blank_start]posterior[blank_end] rami of the spinal nerves ACTIONS: [blank_start]stabilisation[blank_end] of the vertebral column and [blank_start]proprioception[blank_end]

Which of the minor deep deep muscles of the back spans between adjacent spinous processes to stabilise the vertebral column?

Which of the minor deep deep muscles of the back spans between adjacent transverse processes to stabilise the vertebral column?

Which of the minor deep deep muscles of the back originate from the transverse processes of C7-T11 and inserts at the rib immediately below in order to elevate the ribs?

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the intrinsic or deep deep back muscles.

Drag and drop the correct answers to show the intrinsic back muscles in close association with the vertebral column.

The following questions will be about the intermediate muscles of the back. Which of the following are part of this group?

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR muscle of the INTERMEDIATE back muscles. ORIGIN: lower part of the [blank_start]ligamentum nuchae[blank_end], spinous processes of [blank_start]C7-T2[blank_end] INSERTION: ribs [blank_start]2-5[blank_end] INNERVATION: [blank_start]intercostal nerves[blank_end] ACTIONS: [blank_start]elevation[blank_end] of ribs 2-5

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR muscle of the INTERMEDIATE back muscles. ORIGIN: [blank_start]spinous[blank_end] processes of [blank_start]T11-L3[blank_end] INSERTION: ribs [blank_start]9-12[blank_end] INNERVATION: [blank_start]intercostal nerves[blank_end] ACTIONS: [blank_start]depression[blank_end] of ribs 9-12

The following questions will be on the superficial muscles of the back. These are situated underneath the skin and superficial fascia and are associated with movements of the shoulder. Which of the following muscles are a part of this group?

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the TRAPEZIUS muscle of the SUPERFICIAL back muscles. ORIGIN: skull, [blank_start]ligamentum nuchae[blank_end] and [blank_start]spinous[blank_end] processes of [blank_start]C7-T12[blank_end] INSERTION: clavicle, acromion and [blank_start]scapula spine[blank_end] INNERVATION: motor innervation by [blank_start]the accessory nerve (CNXI)[blank_end] and proprioceptive fibres from [blank_start]C3 and C4[blank_end] ACTIONS: upper fibres [blank_start]elevate[blank_end] the scapula and [blank_start]rotate[blank_end] during [blank_start]abduction[blank_end], middle fibres [blank_start]retract[blank_end] the scapula, lower fibres [blank_start]depress[blank_end] the scapula

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the LATISSIMUS DORSI muscle of the SUPERFICIAL back muscles. ORIGIN: [blank_start]spinous[blank_end] processes of [blank_start]T6-T12[blank_end], [blank_start]thoracolumbar fascia[blank_end], ribs [blank_start]10-12[blank_end] INSERTION: [blank_start]intertubercular sulcus[blank_end] of the [blank_start]humerus[blank_end] INNERVATION: [blank_start]thoracodorsal nerve[blank_end] (C6-C8) ACTIONS: [blank_start]extension[blank_end], adduction and [blank_start]medial[blank_end] rotation of the upper limb

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the LEVATOR SCAPULAE muscle of the SUPERFICIAL back muscles. ORIGIN: [blank_start]transverse[blank_end] processes of [blank_start]C1-C4[blank_end] INSERTION: [blank_start]medial border[blank_end] of the scapula INNERVATION: [blank_start]dorsal scapular nerve[blank_end] ACTIONS: [blank_start]elevation[blank_end] of the scapula

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the RHOMBOID MAJOR muscle of the SUPERFICIAL back muscles. ORIGIN: [blank_start]spinous[blank_end] processes of [blank_start]T2-T5[blank_end] INSERTION: [blank_start]medial border[blank_end] of the scapula INNERVATION: [blank_start]dorsal scapular nerve[blank_end] (C5) ACTIONS: [blank_start]retraction[blank_end] and rotation of the scapula

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the RHOMBOID MINOR muscle of the SUPERFICIAL back muscles. ORIGIN: [blank_start]spinous[blank_end] processes of [blank_start]C7-T1[blank_end] INSERTION: [blank_start]medial border[blank_end] of the scapula INNERVATION: [blank_start]dorsal scapular nerve[blank_end] (C5) ACTIONS: [blank_start]retraction[blank_end] and rotation of the scapula

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the superficial back muscles.

The thoracolumbar fascia consists of three layers - posterior, middle, and anterior.

Which muscle occurs between the anterior and middle layers of the thoracolumbar fascia?

Where do the deep back muscles occur in relation to the thoracolumbar fascia?

Where does the posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia extend to and from?

What does the thoracolumbar fascia meet as it extends laterally?

Where does the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia attach? Check all that apply.

Laterally, the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia is continuous with the aponeurotic origin of....

Superiorly, the thoracolumbar fascia thickens to become...

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the layers of the thoracolumbar fascia and how it separates the muscles of the back.

Drag and drop the correct answers to describe the thoracolumbar fascia and its layers in the back.