24361669
Frage 1
Frage
Which of the following is not a sign of acute inflammation?
Antworten
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Pain
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Functio Laesa
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Swelling
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Erythema
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Warmth
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Angiogenesis
Frage 2
Frage
List the main components of the 1st (vascular) phase of acute inflammation.
Antworten
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Vascular dilation --> smooth muscle relaxation --> endothelial cell contraction --> increase in vascular permeability
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Smooth muscle relaxation --> vascular dilation --> endothelial cell contraction --> increase in vascular permeability
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Endothelial cell contraction --> increase in vascular permeability --> vascular dilation --> smooth muscle relaxation
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Endothelial cell contraction --> increase in vascular permeability --> smooth muscle relaxation --> vascular dilation
Frage 3
Frage
Bradykinin has effects similar to histamine, but these effects become evident later in the inflammation process.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 4
Frage
Your patient has been bitten by a venomous snake. You would expect activation of the complement cascade through which pathway?
Antworten
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Classical pathway
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Alternative pathway
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Lectin pathway
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Complement pathway
Frage 5
Frage
Nitric oxide, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines and PAF are all examples of
Antworten
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Plasma-derived mediators of inflammation
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Cell-derived mediators of inflammation
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Complement-derived mediators of inflammation
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Lymphocyte-derived mediators of inflammation
Frage 6
Frage
The process by which leukocytes are marginalized and become attached to the endothelium of vessels is called
Antworten
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Margination
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Pavementing
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Exudation
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Diapedesis
Frage 7
Frage
IL-1 and TNF are the primary endogenous pyrogens released from leukocytes or macrophages
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 8
Frage
Which major cell types would you expect to see in the 3rd (organization) stage of wound healing and repair?
Antworten
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Activated macrophages
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Endothelial cells
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Fibroblasts
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Polymorphonuclear neutrophils
Frage 9
Frage
Wound healing by first/primary intention includes: formation of a scab, scavenger action of PMNs, formation of granulation tissue, and scarring.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 10
Frage
With persistent injury that leads to chronic inflammation,
Antworten
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the symptoms are prominent
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CT proliferation occurs as inflammation subsides
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Exudate is comprised of neutrophils
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Exudate is comprised of lymphocytes and macrophages
Frage 11
Frage
A patient's kidney was affected by inflammation for 2-3 months. What type of cells would you expect to see in the tissue?
Antworten
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Lymphocytes
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Macrophages
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Fibroblastic scarring
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Plasma cells
Frage 12
Frage
You are observing tissue slides and see many multinucleated giant cells. What underlying reaction/inflammation probably caused this?
Antworten
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Granulomatous
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Ulcerative
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Pseudomembranous
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Acute
Frage 13
Frage
Which of the following chemotaxins are endogenous?
Antworten
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Necrotic cells
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Fibrinopeptides
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Lipopolysaccharide
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IL-8
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LTB4
Frage 14
Frage
Under ____ conditions, phagocytosis involves a respiratory burst and killing by way of free radicals. This form of phagocytosis _____ contained within the cell.
Antworten
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anaerobic; is
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anaerobic; is not
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aerobic; is
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aerobic; is not
Frage 15
Frage
Macrophages appear at the site of inflammation 3-4 days after onset of infection/trauma and are typically present in chronic inflammation.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 16
Frage
Which of the following pathologies are characterized by serous inflammation, the mildest form of inflammation?
Antworten
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Purulent tracheobronchitis
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Peptic ulcer
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2nd degree burn
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Strep throat
Frage 17
Frage
Which of the following complication(s) are associated with granulomas?
Antworten
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Bleeding from eroded blood vessels into cavities
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Fibrosis
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Chronic persistence
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Pseudomembranous inflammation
Frage 18
Frage
Which of the following cell types do not divide regularly, but can be stimulated to divide if necessary?
Antworten
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Stable cells
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Labile cells
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Permanent cells
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Mitotic cells
Frage 19
Frage
Which of the following is not a factor that can significantly delay wound healing?
Antworten
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Site of the wound
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Mechanical factors
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Age
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Nurtritional factors
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Vitamin C intake
Frage 20
Frage
You observe the following signs in your patient: leukocytosis, fever, increased CRP and increased ESR. What causes the increase in hepatic synthesis of CRP?
Antworten
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Cytokines, mainly IL-6 and IL-1.
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Cytokines, mainly IL-8
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PGE1 and IL-1
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Insulin synthesis
Frage 21
Frage
In early wound organization of granulation tissue you would likely see
Antworten
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Proliferation of fibroblasts
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Dense collagen sclerosis
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Neovascularization
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Fibronectin synthesis
Frage 22
Frage
Albumin, synthesized by the liver and pancreas, is the major protein generating vascular oncotic pressure.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 23
Frage
Non-inflammatory edema is characterized by
Antworten
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Increased endothelial permeability
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Transudate
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Exudate
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Increased colloid osmotic pressure
Frage 24
Frage
Which of the below options are clinical examples of edema?
Antworten
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Cirrhosis of the liver
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CHF
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Nephrotic syndrome
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Lymphatic obstruction
Frage 25
Frage
Blushing of the cheeks is an example of passive hyperemia.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 26
Frage
A "nutmeg" liver is the result of
Antworten
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hepatic congestion due to left heart failure
-
one too many "cinnamon challenges"
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hepatic congestion due to right heart failure
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hepatic steatosis
Frage 27
Frage
Factors increasing one's risk for hemorrhage include:
Antworten
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severe increase in platelets
-
coagulation factor deficiency
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capillary fragility
-
platelet dysfunction
Frage 28
Frage
Metrorrhagia is defined as profound menstrual bleeding and is considered a form of hemorrhage.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 29
Frage
Arterial rupture is often due to weakening of the vessel walls and venous rupture is often due to injury.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 30
Frage
A 65-year-old female alcoholic is found to have sever liver cirrhosis and facial edema. Which of the following directly contributes to this form of edema?
Antworten
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Decreased lymphatic flow
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Decreased oncotic pressure
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Increased venous pressure
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Decreased arterial pressure
Frage 31
Frage
Which of the following substances provides a framework for a clot?
Antworten
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Thrombin
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RBCs
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Plasmin
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Fibrin
Frage 32
Frage
A healthcare worker develops a small thrombus in their lower leg. What is the most likely fate of the thrombus?
Antworten
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Embolize to the heart
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Lysis and resolution
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Embolize to the lungs
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Organization and extension
Frage 33
Frage
A 70-year-old male has a hard time catching his breath and has a dry cough that worsens at night. Diffuse pulmonary edema is noted. The cause of this patient's edema is right-sided heart failure.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 34
Frage
Twin brothers present to your ED with acute conditions; one with volvulus and one with testicular torsion. With respect to the damaged tissues, you would expect to see a RED infarct in these cases.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 35
Frage
You are a pathology PA are looking at an area of tissue that looks to be consistent with a pale/white infarct that is mottled. Which of the following injuries/mechanisms could explain this?
Antworten
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Pulmonary infarction that is now receiving blood from bronchial arteries
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Hepatic infarction perfused by collateral vessels after a few days
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Myocardial infarction perfused by collateral vessels after a few days
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This description is highly unlikely
Frage 36
Frage
A patient, known to be in shock, is hypotensive, acidotic, and has oliguria. What stage of shock is the patient probably in?
Antworten
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Compensated
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Decompensated
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Irreversible
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Cardiogenic
Frage 37
Frage
A paradoxical embolus is a venous embolus that travels to the arterial circulation via the foramen ovale or interventricular septal defect.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 38
Frage
Intravascular coagulation is the result of the interaction of which factors?
Antworten
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Coagulation proteins
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Hemodynamic changes
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Platelets
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Endothelial cells
Frage 39
Frage
Virchow's triad comprises the three predisposing conditions for pathologic thrombi including: endothelial cell injury, hypocoagulability of the blood and hemodynamic changes.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 40
Frage
Alternating bands of RBCs and platelets/fibrin, also known as Lines of Zahn, appear in venous clots due to the dynamic nature of blood flow.
Antworten
- True
- False
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