Frage 1
Frage
Adenine complementary pairs to what other bases in DNA and RNA?
Antworten
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Cytosine
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Guanine
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Thymine
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Uracil
Frage 2
Frage
What direction does the coding strand run in?
Frage 3
Frage
What direction does the template strand run in?
Frage 4
Frage
What is the correct process of DNA replication?
Antworten
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DNA helicase unwinds -> SSBP -> Primase -> DNA polymerase builds new DNA strand in 5' to 3' -> exonuclease removes primers -> DNA polymerase fills the gaps -> DNA ligase fixes gap in sugar-phosphate backbone.
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DNA helicase unwinds -> SSBP -> Primase -> DNA polymerase builds new DNA strand in 3' to 5' -> exonuclease removes primers -> DNA polymerase fills the gaps -> DNA ligase fixes gap in sugar-phosphate backbone.
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DNA gyrase unwinds -> SSBP -> Primase -> DNA polymerase builds new DNA strand in 5' to 3' -> exonuclease removes primers -> DNA polymerase fills the gaps -> DNA ligase fixes gap in sugar-phosphate backbone.
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DNA gyrase unwinds -> SSBP -> Primase -> DNA polymerase builds new DNA strand in 3' to 5' -> exonuclease removes primers -> DNA ligase fills the gaps -> DNA ligase fixes gap in sugar-phosphate backbone.
Frage 5
Frage
What is the function of Gyrase?
Frage 6
Frage
What is the function of telomerase?
Antworten
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Add DNA repeats to the 3' end of DNA strands in telomere regions (at the end of the chromosome)
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Prevents DNA supercoiling
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Unwinds the DNA double strand
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Remove RNA primers
Frage 7
Frage
Which type of RNA encodes the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide?
Frage 8
Frage
Which type of RNA forms a protein complex which aid in the formation of a spliceosome?
Frage 9
Frage
Which type of RNA is a component of the ribosome?
Frage 10
Frage
Which type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosomes during translation?
Frage 11
Frage
What does label 1 show on the model of the gene?
Antworten
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Promoter
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RNA coding sequence
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Terminator
Frage 12
Frage
What does label 2 show on the model of the gene?
Antworten
-
Promoter
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RNA coding sequence
-
Terminator
Frage 13
Frage
What does label 3 show on the model of the gene?
Antworten
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Promoter
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RNA coding sequence
-
Terminator
Frage 14
Frage
The process of transcription is what?
Antworten
-
DNA Helicase unwinds -> Gyrase alleviates supercoiling -> RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and starts in 5' to 3' -> Terminator is reached -> pre-mRNA is cleaved off -> DNA helix is reformed.
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DNA Helicase unwinds -> Telomerase alleviates supercoiling -> RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and starts in 5' to 3' -> Terminator is reached -> pre-mRNA is cleaved off -> DNA helix is reformed.
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DNA Helicase unwinds -> Gyrase alleviates supercoiling -> RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and starts in 3' to 5' -> Terminator is reached -> pre-mRNA is cleaved off -> DNA helix is reformed.
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DNA Helicase unwinds -> Telomerase alleviates supercoiling -> RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and starts in 3' to 5' -> Terminator is reached -> pre-mRNA is cleaved off -> DNA helix is reformed.
Frage 15
Frage
Splicing occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription.
Frage 16
Frage
Select the processes which occur in the nucleus
Antworten
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DNA replication
-
Transcription
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Splicing
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Translation
Frage 17
Frage
Select the process which occurs in the cytoplasm
Antworten
-
DNA replication
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Translation
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Transcription
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Splicing
Frage 18
Frage
The start codon on mRNA is always what set of bases?
Frage 19
Frage
The 40s subunit of an 80s ribosome contains the P and A site where the tRNA binds.
Frage 20
Frage
What is the process of amino acid charging?
Antworten
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AA attaches to amino-acyl tRNA synthetase -> ATP binds to docking site -> hydrolysed to AMP -> AMP exits -> tRNA becomes charged -> charged tRNA is released
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AA attaches to amino-acyl tRNA synthetase -> ATP binds to docking site -> hydrolysed to ADP -> ADP exits -> tRNA becomes charged -> charged tRNA is released
Frage 21
Frage
What is the process of translation?
Antworten
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Methionine-tRNA's anticodon UAC binds to the AUG sequence on mRNA -> Ribosome clamps to mRNA strand -> Peptide bond formation via Peptidyl transferase -> continuation -> STOP codon is reached -> release factor binds (no tRNA with anticodon) -> peptidyl transferase causes final protein to be ejected -> machinery disassembles
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Methionine-tRNA's anticodon AUG binds to the UAC sequence on mRNA -> Ribosome clamps to rRNA strand -> Peptide bond formation via Peptidyl transferase -> continuation -> STOP codon is reached -> release factor binds (no tRNA with anticodon) -> peptidyl transferase causes final protein to be ejected -> machinery disassembles
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Methionine-tRNA's anticodon AUG binds to the UAC sequence on mRNA -> Ribosome clamps to mRNA strand -> Peptide bond formation via Peptidyl transferase -> continuation -> STOP codon is reached -> release factor binds (no tRNA with anticodon) -> peptidyl transferase causes final protein to be ejected -> machinery disassembles
-
Methionine-tRNA's anticodon UAC binds to the AUG sequence on mRNA -> Ribosome clamps to mRNA strand -> Peptide bond formation via aminoacyl transferase -> continuation -> STOP codon is reached -> release factor binds (no tRNA with anticodon) -> peptidyl transferase causes final protein to be ejected -> machinery disassembles
Frage 22
Frage
Convention is that polypeptides start with a C terminus and end with an N terminus.
Frage 23
Frage
Polysomes are advantageous because they mean mRNA, which is very unstable, can be translated into many proteins despite having a short life span.
Frage 24
Frage
What are the three generic types of DNA mutations?
Antworten
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Insertion
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Substitution
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Deletion
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Rearrangement
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Reorderment
Frage 25
Frage
What is meant by a silent mutation?
Antworten
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The same amino acid is coded for, because although the base is substituted for a different one, the codon still codes for the same amino acid due to the degenerate nature of the triplet code.
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A different amino acid is coded for for that particular triplet but the protein itself still remains functional.
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A premature STOP codon is coded for by the substitution which leads to a truncated,, non functional protein.
Frage 26
Frage
What is meant by a missense mutation?
Antworten
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The same amino acid is coded for, because although the base is substituted for a different one, the codon still codes for the same amino acid due to the degenerate nature of the triplet code.
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A different amino acid is coded for for that particular triplet but the protein itself still remains functional.
-
A premature STOP codon is coded for by the substitution which leads to a truncated,, non functional protein.
Frage 27
Frage
What is meant by a nonsense mutation?
Antworten
-
The same amino acid is coded for, because although the base is substituted for a different one, the codon still codes for the same amino acid due to the degenerate nature of the triplet code.
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A different amino acid is coded for for that particular triplet but the protein itself still remains functional.
-
A premature STOP codon is coded for by the substitution which leads to a truncated,, non functional protein.
Frage 28
Frage
Deletion or insertion of 1,2,4 or 5 bases could cause a frameshift
Frage 29
Frage
A frameshift can completely alter the primary structure of a protein.
Frage 30
Frage
Most intronic mutations are not detrimental to the final protein.
Frage 31
Frage
A missense mutation can produce a partially working protein.