Question 1
Question
Parenteral administration of drugs describes what?
Question 2
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Percutaneous administration of drugs describes what?
Question 3
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Enteral administration of drugs describes what?
Question 4
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What is an advantage of the parenteral route of administration?
Question 5
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What is an advantage of percutaneous administration of drugs?
Question 6
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Repeated doses of general anaesthetic such as thiopental can cause a fatal dose because of accumulation, or "tissue binding" in adipose tissue.
Question 7
Question
1st pass metabolism describes what phenomenon?
Answer
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When the concentration of a drug available to the systemic circulation (it's bioavailability) is significantly reduced because it is metabolised by the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation.
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When the concentration of a drug available to the systemic circulation (it's bioavailability) is significantly increased because it is metabolised by the liver before it reaches the systemic circulation.
Question 8
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1st pass metabolism can be useful for activating pre-cursor drugs such as L-dopa into dopamine.
Question 9
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Steady state in pharmacology describes what?
Answer
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Drug absorption = Drug elimination
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Drug absorption > Drug elimination
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Drug absorption < Drug elimination
Question 10
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What is the plasma half life of a drug?
Question 11
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What is meant by the hydrophobic effect?
Answer
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Amino acids with non-polar (hydrophobic) groups arrange themselves on the inside of a protein and vice versa.
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Amino acids with non-polar (hydrophilic) groups arrange themselves on the inside of a protein and vice versa.
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Amino acids with polar (hydrophobic) groups arrange themselves on the inside of a protein and vice versa.
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Amino acids with polar (hydrophilic) groups arrange themselves on the inside of a protein and vice versa.
Question 12
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Haemoglobin in sickle cell is dysfunctional as a result of an incorrect hydrophobic effect.
Question 13
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What is the primary structure of a protein?
Question 14
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What is the secondary structure of a protein?
Question 15
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What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
Question 16
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What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
Question 17
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The two weakly ionising groups of an amino acid are?
Answer
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Amino group
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Carboxyl group
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R group
Question 18
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With a pKa value of 9.7, and the equation NH3+ -> NH2 + H+ , at pH 9 what species will dominate?
Question 19
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What graph correctly depicts the dose response curve?
Question 20
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Response is proportional to occupancy
Question 21
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The maximum response cannot be attained when a competitive reversible antagonist is present.
Question 22
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In the presence of a competitive reversible antagonist, how is the dose response curve shifted?
Question 23
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An irreversible antagonist means that the maximum response can never be reached.
Question 24
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How is the dose response curve shifted in the presence of an irreversible antagonist?
Question 25
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Irreversible antagonists cause a decrease in the maximal response when spare receptors are not present.
Question 26
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Prolonged exposure to a drug reduces the bodies response to it.
Question 27
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Without spare receptors, non-competitive antagonists can reduce the maximal response (Emax).
Question 28
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When a non-competitive antagonist is used in the presence of spare receptors, the dose response curve shifts left.
Question 29
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Non-competitive antagonists do not compete for the agonist binding site.
Question 30
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Irreversible antagonists reduce the number of available receptors.
Question 31
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The dose response curve of an irreversible agonist is shifted down because the maximal response is decreased.
Question 32
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Select common ways that cells regulate their functions via receptors
Question 33
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An integral tyrosine kinase can be activated and then phosphorylates a target molecule such as an enzyme.
Question 34
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Lipophobic molecules can cross the PM and NM and bind to steroid receptors e.g. to boost transcription.
Question 35
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G-protein coupled receptors have ATPase activity that turns their activity off.
Question 36
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Cytokine receptors activate JAK that can phosphorylate targets and lead to signal pathways.