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IBS - Embryology Quiz

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Question 1

Question
What does the Morula become?
Answer
  • A distinct inner and outer cell mass
  • A trilaminar embryo
  • The epiblast and hypoblast

Question 2

Question
The inner cell mass differentiates into which two structures?
Answer
  • Epiblast
  • Hypoblast
  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm

Question 3

Question
The primitive streak indicates that gastrulation is occurring.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
What is gastrulation?
Answer
  • The migration of epiblast cells to the primitive streak which then migrates down and displaces the hypoblast, forming a trilaminar embryo consisting, in descending order, of the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
  • The folding of the parietal and visceral layers of the lateral plate mesoderm in order to form the precursors to the bone and wall of the gut tube respectively.
  • The formation of the notochord from the notochordal plate in a cranial to caudal sequence.

Question 5

Question
The Ectoderm is destined to become what structures?
Answer
  • Tooth enamel
  • Nervous system
  • Epidermis
  • Gastrointestinal tract
  • Respiratory system
  • Muscle
  • Cardiovascular system

Question 6

Question
The Mesoderm is destined to become which structures?
Answer
  • Connective tissue
  • Cardiovascular system
  • Muscle
  • Blood cells
  • Respiratory system
  • Nervous system
  • Epidermis

Question 7

Question
The Endoderm is destined to become which structures?
Answer
  • Gastrointestinal tract
  • Respiratory system
  • Urinary system
  • Epidermis
  • Connective tissue
  • Cardiovascular system

Question 8

Question
The Notochord is important in signal secretion for nervous system development.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
The primitive node is the "organiser" of the trilaminar embryo, and releases signalling molecules like NODAL, BMP4 and Noggin.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
Neurulation is the formation of the neural tube. The embryonic plate elongates and folding creates a neural groove and neural plate. Somites, ridges either side of the groove form. Continued folding leads to a tube structure forming. The anterior and posterior neuropores then close, forming a neural tube.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
The notochord release BMP that patterns the ventral side of the neural tube.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
BMP is released which patterns the dorsal side of the neural tube.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
Spina Bifida is caused by what?
Answer
  • Failure of the neural tube to close
  • Failure of neural crest cells to migrate
  • Failure of gastrulation

Question 14

Question
Mutations in SHH can lead to what?
Answer
  • Cyclopsia due to lack of bilateral symmetry
  • Inverted organ symmetry due to lack of wafting

Question 15

Question
The mesoderm differentiates into which layers?
Answer
  • Somatic
  • Intermediate
  • Lateral plate - Parietal and Visceral layers
  • Occipital
  • Frontal
  • Posterior

Question 16

Question
Folding of the parietal layer of the lateral plate mesoderm produces the precursor to the GI tract.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 17

Question
Somites differentiate into what three 'tomes'?
Answer
  • Dermatome
  • Myotome
  • Sclerotome
  • Epitome
  • Gastrotome
  • Echinotome

Question 18

Question
HOX genes are not responsible for coding for particular segments of body structures
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
Pharyngeal arches are located where?
Answer
  • Ectodermal side - ridges
  • Endodermal side - ridges
  • Endodermal side - pits
  • Ectodermal side - pits

Question 20

Question
There are 5 pharyngeal arches; 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
Neural crest cell migration is important in forming the ectodermal placodes. The crest cells aid in the formation of sensory ganglia of certain cranial nerves. Which cranial nerves are these and what conditions may result due to migration failure?
Answer
  • CN 5, 7, 9 and 10
  • CN 5, 7, 8 and 10
  • CN 1, 3, 10 and 12
  • CN 2, 4, 9 and 11
  • Digeorge syndrome
  • Robin syndrome
  • Anencephaly
  • Down's Syndrome

Question 22

Question
Migrated neural crest cells can form 'cartilages' in the arches such as Meckel's cartilage. What is its function?
Answer
  • Precursor template for the mandible
  • Signal secretion for the developing embryo
  • Formation of the sensory ganglia in the arches

Question 23

Question
Which cranial nerve innervates the 1st pharyngeal arch?
Answer
  • Trigeminal
  • Facial
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus

Question 24

Question
Which cranial nerve innervates the 2nd pharyngeal arch?
Answer
  • Trigeminal
  • Facial
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus

Question 25

Question
Which cranial nerve innervates the 3rd pharyngeal arch?
Answer
  • Trigeminal
  • Facial
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus

Question 26

Question
Which cranial nerve innervates the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?
Answer
  • Trigeminal
  • Facial
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Vagus

Question 27

Question
Which components of the skull are made from the 1st pharyngeal arch?
Answer
  • Zygomatic bone
  • Maxilla
  • Mandible
  • Temporal bone
  • Hyoid bone
  • Styloid process

Question 28

Question
Which components of the skull are made from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?
Answer
  • Hyoid bone
  • Styloid process
  • Stylohyoid ligament
  • Zygomatic bone
  • Cricoid cartilage

Question 29

Question
Which components of the skull are made from the 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches?
Answer
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Cricoid cartilage
  • Styloid process
  • Maxilla
  • Temporal bone

Question 30

Question
The medial and lateral nasal prominences join together to make the nose.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
The fusion of the medial nasal prominences forms the secondary palate
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
The maxillary prominences fuse together to form the secondary palate
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 33

Question
What condition(s) are caused by failure of the nasal, mandibular and maxillary prominences to fuse?
Answer
  • Cleft palate
  • Spina Bifida
  • DiGeorge
  • Robin
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