2639465
Beschreibung
Frage 1
Frage
Which of the following are signs of hyperkalemia? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.
Antworten
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positive Chvostek's sign
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tall, tented T waves
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abdominal cramping
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soft, flabby muscles
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paresthesias
Frage 2
Frage
Why do older adults generally have less total body water than younger adults?
Antworten
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As functional cells die during the aging process, less water is needed.
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The muscle mass of older adults is smaller than the muscle mass of younger adults.
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Older adults have a smaller extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid ratio than younger adults.
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The plasma volume of older adults is decreased to reduce the risk for excess fluid volume and heart failure.
Frage 3
Frage
Which clinical manifestation supports the concept that filtration is directly related to hydrostatic pressure?
Antworten
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Capillary refill is faster in fingers than in toes.
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Central venous pressure is lowest in the right atrium.
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Pitting edema is usually detected first in dependent areas.
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Systolic blood pressure is higher than diastolic blood pressure.
Frage 4
Frage
When evaluating the hydration status, the nurse observes tenting of the skin on the back of the 87-year-old client’s hand when testing the skin turgor. What is the nurse’s best action?
Antworten
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Notify the physician.
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Examine dependent body areas.
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Assess turgor on the client's forehead.
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Document the finding as the only action.
Frage 5
Frage
What effect would an infusion of 200 mL of albumin have on a healthy client's plasma osmotic and hydrostatic pressures?
Antworten
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Increased osmotic pressure, increased hydrostatic pressure
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Increased osmotic pressure, decreased hydrostatic pressure
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Decreased osmotic pressure, increased hydrostatic pressure
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Decreased osmotic pressure, decreased hydrostatic pressure
Frage 6
Frage
Why does pulmonary edema form in a client who has left-sided heart failure?
Antworten
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Increased blood volume in pulmonary vessels, increased blood osmotic pressure
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Increased blood volume in pulmonary vessels, decreased blood osmotic pressure
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Increased blood volume in pulmonary vessels, increased blood hydrostatic pressure
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Increased blood volume in pulmonary vessels, decreased blood hydrostatic pressure
Frage 7
Frage
What is the expected action when capillary pores increase in size?
Antworten
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Increased filtration, increased plasma volume
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Increased filtration, decreased plasma volume
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Decreased filtration, increased plasma volume
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Decreased filtration, decreased plasma volume
Frage 8
Frage
Which condition is most likely to cause formation of edema?
Antworten
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Increased plasma osmotic pressure, increased plasma hydrostatic pressure
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Increased plasma osmotic pressure, decreased plasma hydrostatic pressure
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Decreased plasma osmotic pressure, increased plasma hydrostatic pressure
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Decreased plasma osmotic pressure, decreased plasma hydrostatic pressure
Frage 9
Frage
Which assessment technique would be the best for the nurse to use to determine the adequacy of circulation in a client whose blood osmolarity is 250 mOsm/L?
Antworten
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Checking urine output
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Measuring abdominal girth
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Monitoring fluid intake
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Comparing the radial pulse with the apical pulse
Frage 10
Frage
Which community-dwelling healthy person has the greatest risk for dehydration when exposed to a hot, dry environment for several hours?
Antworten
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50-year-old man
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50-year-old woman
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80-year-old man
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80-year-old woman
Frage 11
Frage
How is the process of active transport beneficial to human living systems?
Antworten
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Active transport moves substances against a concentration gradient, allowing fluid compartment volume ionic differences to be maintained.
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Active transport allows the fluid lost at the capillary–interstitial compartment interface to be returned by lymph flow to the systemic circulation.
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When diffusion is limited by membrane impermeability, active transport maintains homeostasis of osmolarity across all body fluid compartments.
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When osmosis cannot occur during periods of anoxia, active transport facilitates movement of glucose across cell membranes so that energy production is not disrupted.
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