3349416
Frage 1
Frage
What type of cellular adaptation is seen in this picture? (Hint: it's the prostate)
Antworten
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Hypertrophy
-
Hyperplasia
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Metaplasia
-
Atrophy
Frage 2
Frage
What type of cellular adaptation is seen in this organ?
Antworten
-
Hypertrophy
-
Hyperplasia
-
Metaplasia
-
Atrophy
Frage 3
Frage
The heart can undergo both hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 4
Frage
What type of cellular adaptation is seen in this picture?
Antworten
-
Hypertrophy
-
Hyperplasia
-
Metaplasia
-
Atrophy
Frage 5
Frage
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding metaplasia?
Antworten
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Most common change is columnar --> squamous
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The new cell type is better capable of enduring the stressful environment
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It is an irreversible process
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It occurs in respiratory epithelium
Frage 6
Frage
The thyroid pictured on the right has undergone hyperplasia and hypertrophy.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 7
Frage
Myocardial hypertrophy is always pathologic.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 8
Frage
This patient with tonsilitis shows cells that have undergone:
Antworten
-
Hypertrophy
-
Hyperplasia
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Metaplasia
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Atrophy
Frage 9
Frage
Vitamin A deficiency is associated with atrophy because the cells need Vitamin A for differentiation of specialized epithelium.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 10
Frage
Which of the following is not associated with Hypoxemia?
Antworten
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Insufficient Oxygen
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Ischemia
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Hyperventilation
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Pneumonia
Frage 11
Frage
Budd-Chiari Syndrome is an example of hypoperfusion of the tissue with blood leading to reduced supply of oxygen and substrates for glycolysis.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 12
Frage
Methemoglobinemia can cause hypoxemia by creating a ventilation perfusion mismatch.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 13
Frage
Which of the following is NOT associated with reversible changes of cell injury.
Antworten
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Karyorrhexis
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ER swelling
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Plasma membrane blebbing
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Myelin figures in the cytoplasm
Frage 14
Frage
Which term best describes the nuclear changes shown?
Antworten
-
Pyknosis: shrinkage and increased basophilia due to chromatin condensation
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Karyorrhexis: fragmentation of pyknotic nuclei
-
Karyolysis: Decreased nuclear basophilia due to DNA degradation by nucleases
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Loss of nuclei
Frage 15
Frage
What are the 2 main events that characterize irreversible cell injury ?
Antworten
-
Disturbances in the membrane function and activation of the complement system
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Glycogenolysis and increased pH in the interstitial fluid
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Mitochondrial dysfunction and breakdown of cell membrane
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Loss of microvilli and detachment of ribosomes from the ER
Frage 16
Frage
These hepatocytes have undergone reversible cell injury.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 17
Frage
What type of necrosis is demonstrated in these images?
Antworten
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Gangrenous
-
Coagulative
-
Fat
-
Caseous
Frage 18
Frage
Liquefactive necrosis only occurs in the brain.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 19
Frage
What is the type of necrosis demonstrated by these images?
Antworten
-
Liquefactive
-
Fat
-
Coagulative
-
Caseous
Frage 20
Frage
Wet-gangrene is a superimposed bacterial infection in an area with necrosis due to loss of blood supply (coagulative necrosis).
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 21
Frage
Which of the following is NOT associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species?
Antworten
-
Radiation
-
The electron transport chain
-
Leukocytes
-
Methylene blue
Frage 22
Frage
Ischemia-Reperfusion injuries can happen when blood flow is restored to ischemic viable tissue which is reversibly injured.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 23
Frage
Antioxidants, chelators, and catalase are all examples of mechanisms that can remove ROS
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 24
Frage
Dystrophic calcification occurs in dead/dying tissues in the absence of systemic hypercalcemia. Cell loses ability to regulate intracellular calcium and crystalline calcium phosphate forms.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 25
Frage
Which of the following is an exogenous pigment?
Antworten
-
Hemosiderin
-
Lipofuscin
-
Carbon
-
Melanin
Frage 26
Frage
Which disease of premature aging has mutation in LMNA gene. The defective protein Progerin accumulates in the nucleus. Male pattern baldness, atherosclerosis and CAD are common with lifespans less than 10 years.
Antworten
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Bernard Soulier
-
Hutchinson Guilford Progeria
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Factor V Mutation/Leiden Mutation
-
Kleinfelter's Syndrome
Frage 27
Frage
Werner Syndrome is a disease of premature aging due to a mutation in the WRN gene, which plays a role in telomere length maintenance and processing DNA damage.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 28
Frage
Inflammation is a hallmark of apoptosis.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 29
Frage
Which of the following are not associated with physiologic apoptosis?
Antworten
-
The de-webbing of fingers during embryogenesis
-
The shedding of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle
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The elimination of mutated genes that accumulate misfolded proteins
-
The elimination of self-reactive lymphocytes
Frage 30
Frage
Which of the following is NOT a main pathway in the initiation of apoptosis
Antworten
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Mitochondrial
-
Death-receptor mediated
-
Ubiquitin degradation
-
Cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell
Frage 31
Frage
Uterine serous carcinoma is an aggressive cancer with a possible alteration of p53 in the pathogenesis. Mutated p53 is incapable of inducing apoptosis and therefore cells with damaged DNA can continue to proliferate and undergo malignant transformation.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 32
Frage
Which of the following is not a trigger for inflammation?
Antworten
-
Injury
-
Insult
-
Integrins
-
Infection
Frage 33
Frage
Which of the following is a component of the acute inflammatory response?
Antworten
-
Response time of days to years
-
Vascular proliferation and scarring
-
Fluid and plasma exudation
-
High specificity
Frage 34
Frage
Which statement is incorrect?
Antworten
-
Calor and rubor are caused by vasodilation
-
Tumor is due to decreased vascular permeability
-
Dolor is an outcome of the kinin cascade
-
Histamine release can cause rubor
Frage 35
Frage
Which is incorrect regarding platelets?
Antworten
-
They are formed from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow
-
They contain a pyknotic nuclei
-
They contain dense granules and alpha granules
-
They are part of the primary hemostatic plug
Frage 36
Frage
Which cells are likely to be seen in an allergic reaction?
Antworten
-
Mast Cells
-
Eosinophils
-
Macrophages
-
Lymphocytes
Frage 37
Frage
Which statement is correct regarding mast cells?
Antworten
-
They have cytoplasmic granules with lysosomal enzymes, cytokines, and major basic protein
-
They are also called polymorphonuclear cells
-
They are widely distributed throughout connective tissue
-
They can differentiate into dendritic cells
Frage 38
Frage
Transudates are high in protein and come from inflammation.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 39
Frage
Which is not a pathway in the complement system?
Antworten
-
Classical Pathway
-
Alternative Pathway
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Mitochondrial (Intrinsic) Pathway
-
Lectin Pathway
Frage 40
Frage
Which factors are invovled with chemotaxis, recruitment and activation of leukocytes?
Antworten
-
C3a & C5a
-
C5b complexs
-
C3a & C3b
-
IgG & IgM
Frage 41
Frage
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) results in complement-mediated lysis of RBCs due to which of the following mechanisms/defects?
Antworten
-
Loss of Hageman Factor (Factor VII)
-
Deficiency of the C1 inhibitor
-
Excessive production of the Membrane Attack Complex
-
Deficient plama lectin the the mannose binding lectin pathway
Frage 42
Frage
Which of the following is not a step in leukocyte Recruitment?
Antworten
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Adhesion
-
Transmigration
-
Transformation
-
Margination
Frage 43
Frage
During the resolution phase of acute inflammation, neutrophils undergo apoptosis.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 44
Frage
The umbilical cord taking longer to separate after the baby is born may be a sign of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 45
Frage
Impaired fusion of phagosome with lysosomes, disordered trafficking of organelles, giant granules in leukocytes, and neutropenia are all symptoms of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome.
Antworten
- True
- False
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