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Essential Life Sciences

Beschreibung

EMT-A (alberta)
Megan Holfeld
Quiz von Megan Holfeld, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Megan Holfeld
Erstellt von Megan Holfeld vor etwa 9 Jahre
51
1
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
Causes of hyperkalemia include:
Antworten
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  • Diabetes Insipidus
  • Administration of ventolin to asthmatic patients.
  • Myocardial Infarction
  • All of the above.

Frage 2

Frage
In adults, the epiphyses contain:
Antworten
  • Red Marrow
  • Yellow Marrow
  • Salts
  • Minerals

Frage 3

Frage
Myoglobinuria can cause the following conditions:
Antworten
  • Pulmonary Embolism
  • Congestive Heart Failure
  • Liver Cirrhosis
  • Renal Failure

Frage 4

Frage
Transformation is the process by which a normal cell becomes a cancer cell.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 5

Frage
Glycolysis is an example of a __________.
Antworten
  • Single Replacement Reaction
  • Double Replacement Reaction
  • Synthesis Reaction
  • Decomposition Reaction

Frage 6

Frage
Match the vertebral column region with the number of vertebrae within it: Thoracic [blank_start]12[blank_end] Sacrum [blank_start]5[blank_end] Coccyx [blank_start]4[blank_end] Cervical [blank_start]7[blank_end] Lumbar [blank_start]5[blank_end]
Antworten
  • 12
  • 5
  • 4
  • 7
  • 12
  • 5
  • 4
  • 7
  • 5
  • 12
  • 4
  • 7
  • 7
  • 12
  • 5
  • 4
  • 5
  • 12
  • 4
  • 7

Frage 7

Frage
The normal pH in the human body is:
Antworten
  • 7.40-7.50
  • 7.30-7.40
  • 7.35-7.45
  • 7.25-7.35

Frage 8

Frage
What type of cartilage is our skeletal system primarily made of during fetal development?
Antworten
  • Articular
  • Hyaline
  • Fibrocartiage
  • Elastic

Frage 9

Frage
What percentage of our total body weight is made up of water?
Antworten
  • 20-40
  • 80-90
  • 40-50
  • 60-80

Frage 10

Frage
Match the directional term with its correct description: Inferior - [blank_start]toward the lower part of a structure[blank_end] Transverse Section - [blank_start]divides into superior and inferior parts[blank_end] Medial - [blank_start]toward or at the midline of the body[blank_end] Superior - [blank_start]toward the upper part of a structure[blank_end] Sagittal Section - [blank_start]divides the body into right and left par[blank_end]ts
Antworten
  • toward the lower part of a structure
  • divides into superior and inferior parts
  • toward or at the midline of the body
  • toward the upper part of a structure
  • divides the body into right and left par
  • divides into superior and inferior parts
  • toward the lower part of a structure
  • toward or at the midline of the body
  • toward the upper part of a structure
  • divides the body into right and left par
  • toward or at the midline of the body
  • toward the lower part of a structure
  • divides into superior and inferior parts
  • toward the upper part of a structure
  • divides the body into right and left
  • toward the upper part of a structure
  • divides the body into right and left
  • toward or at the midline of the body
  • divides into superior and inferior parts
  • toward the lower part of a structure
  • divides the body into right and left par
  • toward the lower part of a structure
  • divides into superior and inferior parts
  • toward or at the midline of the body
  • toward the upper part of a structure

Frage 11

Frage
A perforating canal in bone allows for the passage of blood vessels and nerves.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 12

Frage
Anaplasia is defined as:
Antworten
  • an increase in the number of cells
  • independence from normal cellular controls
  • the loss of differentiation
  • uncontrolled proliferation

Frage 13

Frage
The perimysium is connective tissue that wraps around a bundle of muscle fibers.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 14

Frage
Which tissue type is avascular?
Antworten
  • nervous
  • epithelial
  • muscle
  • connective

Frage 15

Frage
All cells have the following regions:
Antworten
  • nucleus
  • cytoplasm
  • mitchondria
  • plasma membrane
  • all of the above
  • A, B, and D

Frage 16

Frage
The epiphyseal line is composed of hyaline cartilage in young, growing bone.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 17

Frage
Which tissue does not form scar tissue during tissue regeneration?
Antworten
  • brain
  • liver
  • lungs
  • heart

Frage 18

Frage
Skeletal muscle has which of the following characteristics?
Antworten
  • striated
  • voluntary
  • one nucleus per cell
  • automaticity
  • A and B
  • A and C

Frage 19

Frage
The elbow is __________ to the shoulder.
Antworten
  • lateral
  • distal
  • inferior
  • proximal

Frage 20

Frage
In a synthesis reaction, __________ for bond formation.
Antworten
  • energy is released
  • ATP converts to ADP
  • energy is absorbed
  • no energy is required

Frage 21

Frage
How many ATP are created during aerobic respiration?
Antworten
  • 2
  • 1
  • 36
  • 32

Frage 22

Frage
If the hydrogen ion concentration in the body rises too much, the respiratory system will compensate by:
Antworten
  • No Change - but the kidneys will secrete hydrogen.
  • Decreasing Respirations
  • No Change - but the kidneys will reabsorb bicarbonate.
  • Increasing Respirations

Frage 23

Frage
You respond to an unresponsive patient with weak peripheral pulses. The patient has a history of drug abuse and is cyanotic with pinpoint pupils. The patient is breathing at 4-6/min. What type of acid-base imbalance might this patient likely have?
Antworten
  • Resp acidosis
  • Resp alkalosis
  • Meta acidosis
  • Meta alkalosis

Frage 24

Frage
If homeostasis is disrupted within the body, what can happen?
Antworten
  • trauma
  • nothing
  • illness and disease
  • illness and trauma

Frage 25

Frage
What is the name of the specialized plasma membrane that encloses a muscle cell?
Antworten
  • sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • sarcomere
  • myofibril
  • sarcolemma

Frage 26

Frage
When the number of hydrogen ions in the body increases, pH __________.
Antworten
  • remains unchanged
  • does not change as hydrogen ions do not influence pH
  • decreases
  • increases

Frage 27

Frage
A patient who has sustained a crush injury may present with signs and symptoms consistent with hypokalemia.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 28

Frage
When ATP is broken down, __________ is released.
Antworten
  • magnesium
  • energy
  • glucose
  • ADP

Frage 29

Frage
Severe hyperkalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 30

Frage
The low specific heat capacity of water helps to maintain a consistent body temperature.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 31

Frage
Match the description of nerve impulse transmission to the muscle cell in the order that it occurs. Sodium enters the muscle cell while potassium leaves. [blank_start]Step 4[blank_end] Acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft. [blank_start]Step 3[blank_end] Action potential reaches the axon terminal of the motor neuron. [blank_start]Step 1[blank_end] Calcium channels open and calcium enters the axon terminal. [blank_start]Step 2[blank_end]
Antworten
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

Frage 32

Frage
Vesicular transport is a type of active transport.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 33

Frage
The Carbonic Acid - Sodium Bicarbonate buffer system is the primary buffering system in the body.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 34

Frage
Match the description with the order in which it occurs during fracture repair. Hematoma forms - [blank_start]1[blank_end] Fibrocartilage callus forms - [blank_start]2[blank_end] Bony callus forms - [blank_start]3[blank_end] Bone remodelling occurs - [blank_start]4[blank_end]
Antworten
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 2
  • 1
  • 3
  • 4
  • 3
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

Frage 35

Frage
What treatment options can be explored for patients with OA?
Antworten
  • beta agonists
  • antiemetics
  • immunosuppressants
  • anitinflammatories

Frage 36

Frage
Aldosterone is secreted from which gland?
Antworten
  • thyroid
  • pancreas
  • pituitary
  • adrenals

Frage 37

Frage
Site of most cellular activities
Antworten
  • cytosplasm
  • golgi apparatus
  • mitochondria
  • nucleus
  • ribosome
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Frage 38

Frage
modifies and packages proteins
Antworten
  • cytoplasm
  • golgi apparatus
  • mitochondria
  • nucleus
  • ribosome
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Frage 39

Frage
Provides ATP for cellular energy
Antworten
  • cytoplasm
  • golgi apparatus
  • mitochondria
  • nucleus
  • ribosome
  • SER

Frage 40

Frage
Site of ribosome assembly
Antworten
  • cytoplasm
  • golgi apparatus
  • mitochondria
  • nucleus
  • ribosome
  • smooth ER

Frage 41

Frage
Site of protein synthesis
Antworten
  • cytoplasm
  • golgi apparatus
  • mitchondria
  • nucleus
  • ribosome
  • smooth ER

Frage 42

Frage
Functions in lipid metabolism
Antworten
  • cytoplasm
  • golgi apparatus
  • mitochondria
  • nucleus
  • ribosome
  • smooth ER

Frage 43

Frage
For how long will creatine phosphate sustain muscular contraction?
Antworten
  • 1-2 sec
  • <15 sec
  • 4-6 sec
  • <20 sec

Frage 44

Frage
In the presence of dehydration, __________ promotes water retention.
Antworten
  • calcitonin
  • insulin
  • aldosterone
  • ADH

Frage 45

Frage
Actin myofilaments are thin filaments.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 46

Frage
ADP can be used as an alternative energy source whenever ATP is not readily available.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 47

Frage
Osteomyelitis is difficult to treat because of a lack of understanding about this condition within the medical community.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 48

Frage
The thorax has 9 pairs of true ribs.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 49

Frage
Functions of bones include:
Antworten
  • support
  • protection
  • storage
  • blood cell formation
  • all of the above

Frage 50

Frage
Rheumatoid Arthritis is classified as an inflammatory joint disease.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 51

Frage
Water excess can be caused by:
Antworten
  • renal failure
  • physical activity
  • CHF
  • diabetes insupidus
  • A and C

Frage 52

Frage
Proteins:
Antworten
  • provide for construction material for body tissues
  • play a vital role in cell function
  • act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies
  • all of the above
  • A and B only

Frage 53

Frage
RA is more common in women than it is men.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 54

Frage
Match the cardiac structures with their description:
Image:
14fdd488-6867-4e2a-9097-4d7ba3324aa1 (image/png)
Antworten
  • superior vena cava
  • right atrium
  • tricuspid valve
  • chordae tendineae
  • interventricular septum
  • left ventricle
  • aortic valve
  • pulmonary veins
  • pulmonary artery

Frage 55

Frage
When blood leaves the right side of the heart, it travels to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 56

Frage
The thickest layer of the heart is the ____________.
Antworten
  • endocardium
  • myocardium
  • patietal pericardium
  • visceral pericardium

Frage 57

Frage
Veins differ from arteries in that they:
Antworten
  • contain valves
  • have a larger lumen than arteries
  • have a thinner middle layer than arteries
  • all of the above
  • none of the above

Frage 58

Frage
Oxygen can easily diffuse into capillaries from the alveoli because:
Antworten
  • Oxygen is moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration
  • Oxygen is moving from an area of low concentration to high concentration
  • ATP is utilized to facilitate the active transport of oxygen
  • Oxygen trades places with excess carbon dioxide

Frage 59

Frage
Atherosclerosis begins with injury to the inner walls of arteries. Causes of this injury may include:
Antworten
  • smoking
  • hypertension
  • exercise
  • diabetes
  • A and B
  • A, B, and D

Frage 60

Frage
If a fibrous plaque ruptures in an area of atherosclerosis within a coronary artery, what will happen next?
Antworten
  • That plaque will migrate to the lungs and cause a pulmonary embolism
  • Platelets will adhere to the injured area
  • Healing will begin and the atherosclerotic area will resolve itself
  • Scar tissue will immediately form

Frage 61

Frage
Which type of angina is typically relieved by rest?
Antworten
  • Prinzmetal Angina
  • Stable Angina
  • Unstable Angina
  • All types of angina are relieved by rest

Frage 62

Frage
Prinzmetal angina is caused by:
Antworten
  • vasospasm
  • occlusion
  • fat emboli
  • air emboli

Frage 63

Frage
Unstable angina can be a precursor to:
Antworten
  • prinzmetal angina
  • myocardial infarction
  • occlusive stroke
  • hemorrhagic stroke

Frage 64

Frage
An EMT is able to provide the following treatments to a patient experiencing a myocardial infarction:
Antworten
  • morphone
  • oxygen
  • ASA
  • nitroglycerine
  • B and C
  • B, C and D

Frage 65

Frage
A patient with a pericardial effusion that has progressed to pericardial tamponade will present with:
Antworten
  • hypertension
  • bradycardia
  • JVD
  • hypotension
  • C and D
  • A, C and D

Frage 66

Frage
Pericardial tamponade can only result from bleeding within the pericardium.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 67

Frage
Right heart failure is more common than left heart failure.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 68

Frage
The most common cause of left heart failure is:
Antworten
  • diabetes
  • hypertension
  • myocardial infarction
  • COPD

Frage 69

Frage
S/S of left heart failure include:
Antworten
  • pulmonary edema
  • JVD
  • peripheral edema
  • dyspnea
  • A and D
  • all of the above

Frage 70

Frage
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation is characterized by:
Antworten
  • localized clotting and bleeding
  • systemic clotting and bleeding
  • localized bleeding
  • systemic clotting

Frage 71

Frage
Which of the following patients would be most prone to developing DIC?
Antworten
  • A female patient who has severe postpartum hemorrhage after child birth
  • A patient who lacerated his forearm on a table saw
  • A male patient who sustained full thickness burns to his left arm
  • A patient who has an acute exacerbation of their asthma

Frage 72

Frage
Oxygen is attached to ____________ while it is transported in the blood.
Antworten
  • hemoglobin
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
  • blood plasma

Frage 73

Frage
Carbon dioxide is transported as part of ____________ in the blood.
Antworten
  • bicarbonate in plasma
  • leukocytes
  • erythrocytes
  • bicarbonate in hemoglobin

Frage 74

Frage
If the medulla oblongata detects an increase of carbon dioxide, respirations will increase in rate and depth.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 75

Frage
Kussmaul respirations would be seen in a patient suffering from what medical emergency?
Antworten
  • narcotic OD
  • diabetic ketoacidosis
  • cardiac chest pain
  • pleuritis

Frage 76

Frage
You respond to a 56 year old male patient complaining of substernal chest pain and shortness of breath. He is diaphoretic and has weak radial pulses. He indicates he had an MI 5 years ago and the pain he is experiencing now is identical to that when he had his past MI. Upon auscultation of his chest you hear decreased air entry with crackles throughout all lung fields. What is most likely causing this patient's shortness of breath and auscultated crackles?
Antworten
  • emphysema
  • acute pulmonary edema
  • chronic bronchitis
  • asthma

Frage 77

Frage
You respond to a 56 year old male patient complaining of substernal chest pain and shortness of breath. He is diaphoretic and has weak radial pulses. He indicates he had an MI 5 years ago and the pain he is experiencing now is identical to that when he had his past MI. Upon auscultation of his chest you hear decreased air entry with crackles throughout all lung fields. Should oxygen be provided to this patient?
Antworten
  • yes
  • no
  • maybe
  • more information is needed

Frage 78

Frage
Atelectasis can only be caused by the removal of air from obstructed or hypoventilated alveoli.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 79

Frage
Your patient is complaining of chills, fever, and pain on inspiration. She indicates that she has had a sore throat and dry cough for over a week. What is a likely cause for the pain she has on inspiration?
Antworten
  • pleuritis
  • pulmonary fibrosis
  • atelectasis
  • ARDS

Frage 80

Frage
Causes of pulmonary fibrosis may include:
Antworten
  • asbestos inhalation
  • active TB
  • ARDS
  • all of the above

Frage 81

Frage
With pulmonary fibrosis the lungs become difficult to ventilate, and the diffusing capacity of the alveolocapillary membrane may increase.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 82

Frage
The most common predisposing factors contributing to the development of ARDS are sepsis and pregnancy.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 83

Frage
What causes pulmonary edema in patients suffering from ARDS?
Antworten
  • increased capillary permeability
  • decreases capillary permeability
  • secondary to left heart failure
  • secondary to right heart failure

Frage 84

Frage
Dyspnea and ____________ are the catchall S/S of obstructive lung diseases.
Antworten
  • stridor
  • pulmonary edema
  • wheezing
  • accessory muscle use

Frage 85

Frage
The "3 S's of Asthma are:
Antworten
  • Spasms, Swelling, and SOB
  • Spasms, Secretions, and SOB
  • SOB, Stridor, and Secretions
  • Spasms, Secretions, and Swelling

Frage 86

Frage
As an EMT, what are medications that you can administer to a patient who is suffering from an acute exacerbation of their asthma?
Antworten
  • oxygen
  • prednisone
  • desamethasone
  • atrovent
  • ventolin
  • A and D
  • A, D, and E

Frage 87

Frage
One of the primary causes of COPD is exposure (active and passive) to cigarette smoke.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 88

Frage
A patient complaining of fever, dyspnea, and a productive cough with green sputum most likely has what condition?
Antworten
  • acute pulmonary edema
  • pneumonia
  • emphysema
  • ARDS

Frage 89

Frage
Your patient presents with chest pain, SOB, and hypotension. What is a differential diagnosis for what seems to be cardiac chest pain?
Antworten
  • pulmonary edema
  • deep vein thrombosis
  • pulmonary embolism
  • pneumonia

Frage 90

Frage
A pulmonary embolism is only caused by a thrombus or air bubble that has embolized to the lungs.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 91

Frage
Projectile vomiting in the absence of nausea or retching may indicate:
Antworten
  • A potential head injury
  • Ingestion of unrefrigerated, Thursday night pub pizza
  • Ingestion of 4-day-old Chinese food
  • A malignant brain tumor or other brain lesion
  • A and D

Frage 92

Frage
Prolonged diarrhea may cause:
Antworten
  • dehydration
  • weight gain
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • metabolic acidosis
  • A C and D

Frage 93

Frage
Visceral pain is localized and intense as organs are heavily innervated by sensory nerves.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 94

Frage
A patient with a history of cholecystitis complains of pain to his back. This is an example of ____________ pain.
Antworten
  • parietal
  • visceral
  • referred
  • sissy

Frage 95

Frage
NSAIDs are drugs that contribute to gastritis through the inhibition of mucous secretion.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 96

Frage
Which of the following drugs are classified as NSAIDs?
Antworten
  • asprin
  • ibuprofen
  • morphine
  • ketorolac
  • A and B
  • A B and D

Frage 97

Frage
In extreme cases of peptic ulcer disease, perforation of the GI wall can occur.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 98

Frage
After cholecystitis, appendicitis is the second most common surgical emergency in the abdomen.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 99

Frage
Rebound tenderness in which abdominal quadrant may suggest appendicitis?
Antworten
  • LUQ
  • LLQ
  • RUQ
  • RLQ

Frage 100

Frage
Liver cirrhosis is reversible with the adoption of healthy lifestyle changes.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 101

Frage
The other name for kidney/renal stones is:
Antworten
  • gallstones
  • calculi
  • diverticuli
  • renal deposits

Frage 102

Frage
Acute renal failure is typically associated with a urine output of less than ______ml/hr.
Antworten
  • 10
  • 30
  • 60
  • 200

Frage 103

Frage
Functions of the lymphatic system include:
Antworten
  • body defense
  • returning escaped fluids back to the blood
  • thermoregulation
  • nerve impulse transmission
  • A and B
  • A B and C

Frage 104

Frage
Lymphatic vessels are similar to arteries in that skeletal muscle plays a large role in "milking" them to return fluid back to the heart.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 105

Frage
Cells that are prevalent within the lymph nodes include:
Antworten
  • plateletes
  • macrophages
  • lymphcytes
  • erythrocytes
  • B and C
  • all of the above

Frage 106

Frage
Functions of the spleen include:
Antworten
  • Filtering of blood
  • Destroys worn our blood cells
  • Acts as a blood reservoir
  • Forms blood cells in the fetus
  • All of the above

Frage 107

Frage
Match the line of defense with a component contained within it: [blank_start]Third line[blank_end]: lymphocytes and antibodies [blank_start]First line[blank_end]: skim [blank_start]Second line[blank_end]: the inflammatory response
Antworten
  • Third line
  • First line
  • Second line

Frage 108

Frage
The inflammatory response is considered part of the innate defense system.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 109

Frage
Redness, heat, swelling, and ____________ most often accompany the inflammatory response.
Antworten
  • Delirium
  • Pain
  • Diaphoresis
  • Numbness

Frage 110

Frage
Although the inflammatory response can cause adverse S/S, it is a protective response in the body.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 111

Frage
The primary and most prevalent chemical mediator responsible for consuming foreign material during the inflammatory response is:
Antworten
  • Neutrophils
  • Basophils
  • Serotonin
  • Histamine

Frage 112

Frage
What structure in the body is responsible for heat regulation?
Antworten
  • Pituitary
  • Adrenals
  • Thyroid
  • Hypothalamus

Frage 113

Frage
Antibodies recognize ____________ prior to initiating an immune response.
Antworten
  • mRNA
  • Intracellular proteins
  • DNA
  • Antigens

Frage 114

Frage
Cellular immunity plays the primary role in targeting virus-infected cells.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 115

Frage
Obtaining antibodies from a transfer from mother to fetus is an example of passive immunity.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 116

Frage
Massive histamine release during an allergic reaction can cause:
Antworten
  • Vasodilation
  • Increased mucus production
  • Bronchospasm
  • All of the above

Frage 117

Frage
The CNS is composed of:
Antworten
  • The brain
  • The brain and the spinal cord
  • The brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves
  • The brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, and spinal nerves

Frage 118

Frage
The sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system would typically cause which of the following effects?
Antworten
  • Decreased resp rate
  • Decreased BP
  • Decreased HR
  • Increased HR

Frage 119

Frage
The cells responsible for forming myelin in the CNS are:
Antworten
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Astrocytes
  • Microglia
  • Schwann cells

Frage 120

Frage
The cells responsible for forming myelin in the PNS are:
Antworten
  • Microglia
  • Schwann cells
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Astrocytes

Frage 121

Frage
The primary extracellular ion responsible in the generation of an action potential is:
Antworten
  • Magnesium
  • Sodium
  • Calcium
  • Potassium

Frage 122

Frage
When a neuron is resting, it is more positive outside than inside.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 123

Frage
During repolarization, the sodium-potassium pump uses ____________ to return the neuron to a resting state.
Antworten
  • ATP
  • ADP
  • Acetylcholinesterase
  • Acetylcholine

Frage 124

Frage
____________ is the ion responsible for triggering the relase of neurotransmitters from the axon terminal.
Antworten
  • Potassium
  • Sodium
  • Magnesium
  • Calcium

Frage 125

Frage
Match the parts of the brain stem with their function: Medulla oblongata; reticular formation; midbrain [blank_start]Medulla oblongata[blank_end]: Contains control centers that regulate heart rate and breathing [blank_start]Midbrai[blank_end]n: Contains reflex centers for vision and hearing [blank_start]Reticular formation[blank_end]: Regulates awake/sleep cycles and consciousness
Antworten
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Midbrai
  • Reticular formation

Frage 126

Frage
The meninges, in order from outermost layer (superficial) to innermost layer (deep) are:
Antworten
  • pia - dura - arachnoid
  • pia - arachnoid - dura
  • dura - arachnoid - pia
  • arachnoid - dura - pia

Frage 127

Frage
The lacrimal apparatus is responsible for producing and emptying lacrimal fluid (tears) in the eyes.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 128

Frage
The ____________ allows for light to pass into the eye.
Antworten
  • aqueous humor
  • lens
  • cornea
  • sclera

Frage 129

Frage
Rods are photoreceptors that allow for detailed color vision.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 130

Frage
The blind spot in the eye is formed by:
Antworten
  • Optic nerve
  • Vitreous humor
  • Cones in the center of the retina
  • Rods towards the edges of the retina

Frage 131

Frage
Match the endocrine glands with the hormone(s) they release: [blank_start]Thyroid[blank_end] – Thyroid hormone and calcitonin, [blank_start]Ovaries[blank_end] – Estrogen and progesterone, [blank_start]Pineal gland[blank_end] – Melatonin, [blank_start]Posterior pituitary[blank_end] – ADH and ocytocin, [blank_start]Pancreas[blank_end] – Insulin and glucagon, [blank_start]Adrenals[blank_end] – Aldosterone and cortisol Posterior pituitary, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, pineal gland, thyroid
Antworten
  • Thyroid
  • Ovaries
  • Pineal gland
  • Posterior pituitary
  • Pancreas
  • Adrenals

Frage 132

Frage
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease most prevalent in young women.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 133

Frage
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus may present with the following S/S:
Antworten
  • diffuse uticaria
  • pleurisy
  • fever and malaise
  • diabetes insipidus
  • diffuse facial erythema

Frage 134

Frage
Seizure activity is precipitated by a sudden, explosive, and disorderly depolarization of cerebral neurons.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 135

Frage
Satus Epilepticus can be defined as:
Antworten
  • One or more seizures occurring in succession without the patient fully regaining consciousness
  • Two or more seizures occurring in succession without the patient fully regaining consciousness
  • Three or more seizures occurring in succession without the patient fully regaining consciousness
  • Four or more seizures occurring in succession without the patient fully regaining consciousness

Frage 136

Frage
The pathophysiology of seizures focuses on an apparent decrease in neuronal cell permeability and hyposensitivity.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 137

Frage
The maintenance of seizure activity demands a ________% increase in ATP.
Antworten
  • 100
  • 150
  • 200
  • 250

Frage 138

Frage
Nuchal rigidity is a common finding in cases of meningitis.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 139

Frage
Severe cases of encephalitis may cause:
Antworten
  • Edema and nuchal rigidity
  • Inflamed meninges and decreased ICP
  • Ischemia and decreased ICP
  • Edema, necrosis, and increased ICP

Frage 140

Frage
Multiple Sclerosis is more common in men than woman.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 141

Frage
Multiple sclerosis is a relatively common autoimmune disorder that diffusely involves the:
Antworten
  • CNS
  • Spinal nerves
  • CNS and PNS
  • PNS

Frage 142

Frage
Cataracts can cause:
Antworten
  • Decreased visual acuity
  • Blurred vision
  • Glare
  • Decreased colour perception
  • All of the above

Frage 143

Frage
Shock results in tissue hypoperfusion and metabolic alkalosis secondary to inadequate oxygen delivery to the tissues.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 144

Frage
Inadequate systemic oxygen delivery triggers the ____________ nervous system into action
Antworten
  • Somatic
  • Sensory
  • Parasympathetic
  • Sympathetic

Frage 145

Frage
Decreased oxygen delivery to the cells during shock leads to cellular swelling and eventual lysis and death.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 146

Frage
Hypovolemic shock can be classified as either hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 147

Frage
A history of recent ____________ with the presence of shock S/S would lead the EMT to believe that the patient is in septic shock.
Antworten
  • Infection
  • MI
  • Trauma
  • GI Bleed

Frage 148

Frage
A patient complains of severe substernal chest pain. He is hypotensive, tachycardia, and diaphoretic. What type of shock is the patient most likely in?
Antworten
  • Cardiogenic
  • Obstructive
  • Septic
  • Neurogenic

Frage 149

Frage
The most important treatment that an EMT can provide to a patient suffering from anaphylactic shock (after maintaining the airway and providing oxygen) is:
Antworten
  • Epinephrine
  • Benadryl
  • Atrovent
  • Ringers lactate

Frage 150

Frage
Neurogenic shock results from an interruption of parasympathetic influence to the body tissues secondary to spinal cord injury. This causes hypotension, tachycardia, and pallor.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 151

Frage
Causes of obstructive shock include:
Antworten
  • Tension pneumothorax
  • Pleuritis
  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • Cardiac tamponade

Frage 152

Frage
Cardiac tamponade is characterized by hypotension, muffled heart sounds, and ____________.
Antworten
  • Tracheal deviation
  • Flushed, dry skin
  • Decreased air entry
  • Jugular venous distenstion
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