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Hereditary Haemachromatosis involves excessive iron absorption
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Why is HH dangerous?
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How is HH inherited?
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Autosomal dominant
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X linked recessive
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Autosomal recessive
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HH is an example of a founder mutation
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pC282Y and pH36D can cause HH in what forms?
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What is the test for HH?
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Which exon contains the p.C282Y mutation?
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How can we amplify the area around the suspected mutation?
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PCR
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Using specific primers
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Fluorescent based DNA sequencing is used to ascertain the exact sequence
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Dideoxysequencing relies on what?
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Chain terminating nucleotides
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Chain bending nucleotides
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Chain mutating nucleotides
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Fluorophores of different wavelengths are used to differentiate the four chain terminating bases
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After the amplification, how do we separate the product?
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By size on a gel
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By size on a not gel
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A laser scanner reads the different flurophores as the produces come in, from which it can form a sequence
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How are chromosomal level variations tested?
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The 'Standard FISH' is the 'hybridisation of multiple chromosome specific probes
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FISHing can be used to detect DiGeorge syndrome
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What do the probes in FISHing usually look for
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Why is the end of the telomere looked for in Dual Probe FISHing?
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To ensure there's a correct no of each chromosome
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So if there's no binding to smallest area of overlap, it's not because the chromosome itself is missing
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To ensure the chromosome is the correct shape
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FISHing can be used for testing chromosome rearrangement
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In a BCR-ABL related cancer, (assuming you were using a Red probe for the BCR gene and a green probe for the Abl gene) what would you see if you performed a FISH test?
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In the case of novel clinical pathologies, you scan the entire genome for CNV's
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How does Array Comparitive Genomic Hybridisation work?
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Create an array (slide/multiple tubes of liquid samples) of probes
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Probes designed to overlap all along the genome (as many base pairs apart as necessary depending on specificity)
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These probes should hybrdise to tested DNA
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The level of hybridisation of each probe can be used to determine deviations from norm
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Assuming the highest band shows the wild type signal, what type of mutation has occurred here?
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Deletion
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Insertion
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Duplication
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Testing for CNV's will occur before testing for mutations
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When exon sequencing, first amplify your exons
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What is the problem with Next generation sequencing?
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It generates masses of information
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It generates sequences at random
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It's difficult to tell which mutations are pathogenic
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Assuming a person has a wide number of mutations (most people do) what do you discount?