BioPsych Quiz w1-6: TMS, EMG, fMRI, Anatomy and Theories of Memory, Alzhiemers

Question

What determines the shape of the TMS coils?

Answer 1

The model of the machine

Answer 2

type and precision of the stimulation needed

Answer 3

The kind of and strength of electoral pulse

Answer 4

The duration of the test

Answer 5

Determining the casual involvement of a brain region

Answer 6

To test clinical drugs

Answer 7

To visualize brain structures

Answer 8

To disable glial cells

Answer 9

This option is available in Victoria (e.g., the Victoria Clinic) for depression

Answer 10

Shock therapy and hyponosis

Answer 11

To disable a problematic part of the brain permantly

Answer 12

To subdue a distressed person to sleep

Answer 13

It is cheap and relatively easy to conduct

Answer 14

Temporal resolution is sound

Answer 15

The patient is conscious

Answer 16

You don't have to be trained to use it

Answer 17

the control and experimental task

Answer 18

the control, experimental task and a task to demonstrate the instructions

Answer 19

the control, experimental task and a task to demonstrate the instructions and a task to calm them down

Answer 20

the control, experimental task and a task to demonstrate the instructions and a task to calm them down and another to measure the size/dynamics of the brain

Answer 21

Testing the ability of post trauma patients

Answer 22

Healing parts of the brain

Answer 23

Teach post trauma patients to rewire thier neurons

Answer 24

To study components of well established cognitive processes

Answer 25

Signals in the sulci are harder to detect than from gyri, and may additionally be masked by the signals from the gyri

Answer 26

The poor spacial resolution makes it difficult to determine location of ERP

Answer 27

The orientation of the neurons determines the sign of the recorded potentials - Some orientations lead to signals which cannot be recorded.

Answer 28

fMRI doesn't need radiation

Answer 29

fMRI is cheaper and easier to use

Answer 30

fMRI the patient can be awake

Answer 31

fMRI allows for 3D views of the brain

Answer 32

Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Because the brain sends so much blood to the active area, the oxygen content of the blood actually increases

Answer 33

The type of scanning signal

Answer 34

Blood Oxygen Leverage-Dependent The net gradient in change that occurs when brain activity spikes and the brain loses oxygen

Answer 35

Blood Oxytocin Level-Dependent Because the patent is nervous, we accept a level of oxycotin spike and compare it against the normal rate

Answer 36

if two neural events occur within about two seconds of each other, the BOLD fMRI responses to the two events will become confused. Maximum temporal resolution is about 2 seconds.

Answer 37

f a given neuron “requests” more blood, all neighbouring neurons within about 1 mm of it will receive an increased blood flow. Thus, if two neural events occur within 1 mm of each other, BOLD fMRI will not be able to distinguish them.

Answer 38

neither: BOLD measurement compensates for these flaws

Answer 39

The patient may be claustrophibic

Answer 40

Any ferromagnetic object brought too close will literally fly into the magnetic, destroying whatever is inside the magnet (e.g. the patient)

Answer 41

The liquid hydrogen could leak

Answer 42

None of the above

Answer 43

Getting he procedure wrong can resultin patient brain injury

Answer 44

None of the below: the process is molecular

Answer 45

The slower the decay rate, the greater the neural activity, thus we drip feed signals and see how long it takes for the brain to stop responding completely

Answer 46

The slower the decay rate, the greater the neural activity. we excite the brain with an RF pulse. Then we measured the RF pulse emitted in turn by the brain. By measuring how long the brain’s RF pulse takes to decay we can infer the neural activity in that region of the brain.

Answer 47

we excite the brain with an RF pulse. Then we measured the RF pulse emitted in turn by the brain. By measuring how long the brain’s RF pulse takes to decay we can infer the neural activity in that region of the brain. The slower the decay rate, the greater the neural activity.

Answer 48

Multiple Comparisons Problem- multiple comparisons problem: the more t tests you do, the greater chance there is of reporting a false positive, solved by preforming a Bonferoni Correction test

Answer 49

All answers are correct

Answer 50

Over Interpretation of Null Results: the failure to prove that a given brain area is involved in a particular task does not prove that the brain area is not involved in the task

Answer 51

Non-independent sample selection : use different scanning sessions for the identification and testing of the ROI.

Answer 52

Inhibitory-excitatory balance: GABA and glutamate, due to a reduction in GABA

Answer 53

Inhibitory-excitatory balance: GABA and glutamate, due to a reduction in glutamine

Answer 54

Neurons going through apoptosis at an alarming rate

Answer 55

None of the above

Answer 56

Recurrent unprovoked seizures originating from medial (middle/inner or lateral towards the outside temporal lobe” Simple partial seizures (without loss of awareness) AND Complex partial seizures (with loss of awareness)

Answer 57

Recurrent unprovoked seizures originating from medial (middle/inner or lateral towards the outside temporal lobe” Simple partial seizures (without loss of awareness) but not Complex partial seizures (with loss of awareness)

Answer 58

Recurrent unprovoked seizures originating from medial (middle/inner or lateral towards the outside temporal lobe” Not, Simple partial seizures (without loss of awareness) but actually Complex partial seizures (with loss of awareness)

Answer 59

None of the above

Answer 60

necessary for relational memory tasks eg Paired Associate Learning tasks Information is integrated in sensory systems, sent to hippocampal formation for long-term storage.

Answer 61

Information is integrated in sensory systems, sent to hippocampal formation for long-term storage.

Answer 62

necessary for relational memory tasks eg Paired Associate Learning tasks Information is integrated in sensory systems, sent to hippocampal formation for long-term storage. Connecting to the temporal neocortex

Answer 63

all of the above

Answer 64

27 y.o. man with severe temporal lobe epilepsy Underwent bilateral resection of extensive amount of medial temporal tissue. Normal attention span, preserved intelligence Retrograde memory essentially recovered over time. Severe anterograde amnesia – Declarative Declarative memory: conscious access to information learned previously. Severely impaired vs. procedural memory: remembering ‘how to’. Was ok.

Answer 65

27 year old man who suffered a serious injury by an iron rod piercing his head and frontal cortex This led to severe changes in his personality in the 50s

Answer 66

Suffered DAT and diagnosed with the disease after memory assessment

Answer 67

50 year old man who suffered a serious injury by an iron rod piercing his head and frontal cortex This led to severe changes in his personality in the 50s

Answer 68

result in declarative memory impairment

Answer 69

result in declarative memory impairment and procedural memory

Answer 70

damage to episodic and procedural memory

Answer 71

damage to rely to the amygdala

Answer 72

They investigated error processing by applying TMS during the time window of the ERN.

Answer 73

They investigated the effects of TMS over primary visual cortex on the perception of letter stimuli.

Answer 74

They investigated the effects of TMS over prefrontal cortex on the perception of letter stimuli.

Answer 75

They investigated the effects of TMS over primary motor cortex on mental rotation

Answer 76

It involves ingesting a radioactive isotope.

Answer 77

The machine may cause people to feel claustrophobic.

Answer 78

Patients must fast before having an fMRI scan.

Answer 79

It should not be administered to patients with epilepsy.

Answer 80

10μV to 100μV

Answer 81

1000μV to 100000μV

Answer 82

20μV to 200μV

Answer 83

1μV to 10μV

Answer 84

The "probing excitability" approach

Answer 85

The injection of "neural noise"

Answer 86

The "simultaneous-pulse approach"

Answer 87

The creation of a "virtual lesion"

Answer 88

an inhibitor that binds to receptors on the post-synaptic membrane, preventing the uptake of glutamate.

Answer 89

lesions to the medial or lateral temporal lobe.

Answer 90

oversecretion of glutamate.

Answer 91

a reduction in GABA uptake.

Answer 92

The temporal resolution is good

Answer 93

It is not biased to signals generated in superficial layers of cerebral cortex

Answer 94

The spatial resolution is good

Answer 95

Signals from the sulci are easy to detect

Answer 96

anterograde amnesia; could not remember events from before the incident but could create new memories.

Answer 97

retrograde amnesia; could not remember events from before the incident but could create new memories.

Answer 98

anterograde amnesia; had access to long-term memory from before the incident but was unable to create new memories post injury.

Answer 99

retrograde amnesia; had access to long-term memory from before the incident but was unable to create new memories post injury

Answer 100

Probable AD

Answer 101

Definite AD

Answer 102

Possible AD

Answer 103

Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type

Answer 104

TMS-induced current causes all neurons within a circumscribed area of cortex to fire towards the anterior and posterior sections of the brain

Answer 105

TMS-induced current causes all neurons within a circumscribed area of cortex to fire randomly

Answer 106

TMS-induced current causes all neurons within a circumscribed area of cortex to fire in a path align with the magnetic field path

Answer 107

TMS-induced current causes all neurons within a circumscribed area of cortex to fire all in the same direction

Answer 108

ionising radiation

Answer 109

strong magnetic field

Answer 110

there is no danger associated with fMRI

Answer 111

the oxygen level in the blood

Answer 112

the magnetic field of the brain

Answer 113

the neural activity in the brain

Answer 114

Retrograde memory

Answer 115

Intelligence and attention span

Answer 116

Anterograde memory formation

Answer 117

Temporal lobe epilepsy

Answer 118

emotional memory impairment

Answer 119

verbal memory impairment

Answer 120

non-verbal memory impairment

Answer 121

visual memory impairment

Answer 122

Autosomal Recessive

Answer 123

Autosomal Dominant

Answer 124

X-Linked Recessive

Answer 125

None of the above

Answer 126

a form of malfunctioned nuerotransmitter

Answer 127

A fault in an action potential where it hyperpolizerses for too long

Answer 128

When an axon of cell A…excites cell B and repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth process or metabolic change takes place in one or both cells so that A’s efficiency as one of the cell’s firing B is increased” Cell B responds more vigiously to cell A next time

Answer 129

A form of neuron death

Answer 130

a result of procedual memory; explicit and implicit memory

Answer 131

Accumulation of facts/data derived from learning experiences outcome of processing by various processing systems, which feed the hippocampal formation; Semantic and Episodic

Answer 132

Declarative memory is the result of episdic/semantic memory processes

Answer 133

Is relational/connective in nature, links between memories rent context based and thus 2 divisions dont exist

Answer 134

Serial models

Answer 135

Parralel models

Answer 136

Episodic memory is an extension of semantic memory

Answer 137

Semantic memory is in charge of episodic memory

Answer 138

Retrieval can be supported by either system

Answer 139

A and C are correct

Answer 140

Genetic mutation causing early onset DAT (Autosomal dominant)

Answer 141

Head injury

Answer 142

All of the above

Answer 143

PrAD, unlike probA, is assessment in life, the other after death

Answer 144

In possible AD, the patient has been by a neuropsychologist if there is variance in the presentation of symptoms, whereas probable AD simply involves the presentation of non-amnesia symptoms

Answer 145

There is no difference; on is a continuation of the other

Answer 146

Possible AD is assessed by the family, probable by a professional

Answer 147

All of the below

Answer 148

Glial cell proliferation

Answer 149

Severe Degradation of neutrons

Answer 150

Senile plaque formation

Answer 151

MTL impairment (Antero-retrograde memory)

Answer 152

Prefrontal cortex degradation

Answer 153

PTL impairment (word finding difficulties)

Answer 154

Paritial lobe (visiospacial difficulties)

Answer 155

All of the below

Answer 156

Word finding difficulties due to posterior temportall lobe damage

Answer 157

Visiospacial difficulties suggest parietal tlobe damage

Answer 158

Recognition and recall memory impairment suggesting MTL impairment

Answer 159

Is made up of the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices

Answer 160

Is part of the lateral temporal lobes

Answer 161

Includes the dentate gyrus and subiculum

Answer 162

None of the above

Answer 163

Has taught us much about the semantic memory system

Answer 164

Usually causes seizures that are barely noticeable to an observer

Answer 165

None of the these

Answer 166

Is not usually associated with memory impairment

Answer 167

The frontal lobes incorporate primary memory systems

Answer 168

The frontal lobes are essential for relating arbitrarily related pieces of information

Answer 169

Damage to the thalamus is unlikely to result in memory impairment

Answer 170

All of the above

Answer 171

Explains autonoetic awareness

Answer 172

Describes longterm depression

Answer 173

Describes longterm potentiation

Answer 174

Explains why depression can cause memory impairment

Answer 175

depends on the subject

Answer 176

depends on the scanner

Answer 177

It describes how excitatory post synaptic potentials increase as a result of increased stimulus frequency

Answer 178

It brings about temporary chemical changes that underpin memory function

Answer 179

It only occurs in the temporal lobes and proves that this is the site of primary memory function

Answer 180

It describes how inhibitory post synaptic potentials increase as a result of decreased stimulus frequency

Answer 181

Are the same thing as declarative and procedural memory

Answer 182

Are distinguished partially on the basis of whether conscious recollection is used

Answer 183

Are useful concepts in understanding human amnestic syndromes

Answer 184

Both requrie that the learning and recall environments are the same

Answer 185

none of the above

Answer 186

Revealed important insights about the role of the frontal lobes in memory

Answer 187

Demonstrated that the lateral temporal neocortex is essential for semantic memory function

Answer 188

Indicated that episodic memory and semantic memory can show a single dissociation in performance during encoding

Answer 189

None of the above

Answer 190

Is “knowledge memory”

Answer 191

Makes it possible to acquire and retain factual information

Answer 192

Does not involve autonoetic awareness

Answer 193

All of the above

Answer 194

and semantic memory are both memory systems that make mental "time travel" possible, according to Tulving

Answer 195

Contains semantic memory within it

Answer 196

Relies on the hippocampal circuit

Answer 197

All of the above

Answer 198

the multiple comparisons problem

Answer 199

statistical relevance

Answer 200

the non-independent sample selection bias

Answer 201

the problem of over-interpreting a null result

Answer 202

Cannot be diagnosed during life

Answer 203

Is the dementing syndrome associated with Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 204

Can be successfully treated with anti-epileptic drugs

Answer 205

Is the process of normal ageing speeded up

Answer 206

hydrogen atoms

Answer 207

hydrogen nuclei

Answer 208

oxygen atoms

Answer 209

oxygen nuclei

	Erstellt von Taylor Carre-Riddell vor mehr als 7 Jahre

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BioPsych Quiz w1-6: TMS, EMG, fMRI, Anatomy and Theories of Memory, Alzhiemers

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