L33 Pancreatic islets, insulin, glucagon, and diabetes

Which statement best describes the location of the pancreas?

The pancreas is:

The majority of the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes.

(Choose all correct options.) Pancreatic islets:

The reference range for blood glucose is between:

Glucose is the only fuel the brain can use.

During the day, fuel use ([blank_start]metabolism[blank_end]) is [blank_start]continuous[blank_end], but we only eat periodically. Hence, our blood glucose level [blank_start]changes[blank_end] throughout the day. We describe the two metabolic [blank_start]states[blank_end] the body moves between as the fed state and the fasting state. In the fed state there is [blank_start]uptake[blank_end] of nutrients and [blank_start]anabolic[blank_end] metabolism taking place([blank_start]synthesis[blank_end] of glycogen, protein and fat). Vice versa, in the fasting state there is [blank_start]mobilisation[blank_end] of nutrients and [blank_start]catabolic[blank_end] metabolism taking place([blank_start]breakdown[blank_end] of glycogen, protein and fat.)

Choose the correct statements about insulin secretion.

Which of these is not a symptom of Type I Diabetes?

Insulin is the only hormone that can decrease blood glucose levels.

Type I Diabetes is an autoimmune disease where insulin-producing alpha cells have been destroyed.

The first treatments of insulin were on diabetic dogs. The first treatments of insulin to people were of crude insulin attained from bovine pancreases.

Pure insulin can now be produced in vitro.

Choose the incorrect statement about Type 2 Diabetes.

(Choose all correct.) Hyperglycemia can cause:

Glucagon is a peptide hormone with intracellular receptors.

Glucagon causes an increase in glucose and ketone synthesis.

Glucagon causes a breakdown of glycogen.

[blank_start]Gluconeogenesis[blank_end] is the synthesis of glucose, while [blank_start]glycogenolysis[blank_end] is the breakdown of [blank_start]glycogen[blank_end]. Both are stimulated by [blank_start]glucagon[blank_end].