Frage 1
Frage
Select the statements that apply to prokaryotic DNA
Antworten
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Thy have a single, circular chromosome
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There is a single point of origin for DNA replication
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DNA replication is bidirectional
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They have lots of linear DNA
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There are multiple points of origin
Frage 2
Frage
Select the statements that apply to eukaryotic DNA
Antworten
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They have lots of linear DNA
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There are multiple points of origin for DNA replication
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DNA replication is bidirectional
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There is one, circular chromosome
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There is one point of origin for DNA replication
Frage 3
Frage
What is the role of the primase enzyme in DNA replication
Antworten
-
It adds RNA primers to the template strand
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It unzips the DNA strand
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It releases the tension at the DNA fork
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It join synthesised fragments with phosphodiester bonds
Frage 4
Frage
What is the role of the DNA Polymerase III enzyme in DNA replication
Antworten
-
It adds complimentary nucleotides from the reactive 3' hydroxyl group left by the RNA primer
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It adds complimentary base pairs from the reactive 3' phosphate group left by the RNA primer
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It binds at the 5' end and synthesises the new strand by adding base pairs
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It binds at the 3' end and synthesises the new strand by adding phosphodiester bonds
Frage 5
Frage
What is the role of the Helicase enzyme in DNA replication
Antworten
-
It unwinds the DNA from the AT rich point of origin
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It unwinds the DNA from the point of origin
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It unwinds the DNA from the CG rich point of origin
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It puts the DNA back together after synthesis
Frage 6
Frage
What is the role of the Topoisomerase enzyme in DNA replication
Antworten
-
It releases the tension at the replication fork by making cuts and then 'glues' them back together
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It binds to the DNA to stop the leading and lagging strand fro getting back together
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It unzips the gene
-
It checks the newly added bases against the template to make sure they are correct
Frage 7
Frage
What is the role of single stranded binding proteins in DNA replication
Antworten
-
They protect the single strands from degradation
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They prevent the single strands from coming back together again
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They make RNA primers
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The release the tension at the replication fork by making cuts and then gluing them back together again
Frage 8
Frage
What is the role of Ligase in DNA replication
Frage 9
Frage
The overall direction of DNA synthesis on the lagging strand is in the 3'-5' direction
Frage 10
Frage
How are errors in DNA sequence corrected during replication?
Antworten
-
With exonuclease activity of DNA Polymerase III
-
With endonuclease activity of DNA polymerase III
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With exonuclease activity of DNA Polymerase II
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With endonuclease activity of DNA polymerase II
Frage 11
Frage
[blank_start]During[blank_end] DNA replication, errors in DNA sequence are corrected with [blank_start]exonuclease[blank_end] activity of DNA polymerase [blank_start]III[blank_end]. It checks the newly added bases against the [blank_start]template[blank_end], removes it and replaces it so synthesis can continue as normal.
Antworten
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exonuclease
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endonuclease
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III
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II
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template
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lagging strand
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During
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After
Frage 12
Frage
[blank_start]After[blank_end] DNA replication, any errors in the sequence are corrected by [blank_start]endonuclease[blank_end] activity of DNA polymerase [blank_start]II[blank_end]. it removes the incorrect bases and some either side, [blank_start]DNA polymerase[blank_end] corrects the mistake, then [blank_start]Ligase[blank_end] [blank_start]joins[blank_end] the newly synthesised sequence to the pre-existing sequence with [blank_start]phosphodiester bonds[blank_end].
Antworten
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After
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During
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endonuclease
-
exonuclease
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I
-
III
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DNA polymerase
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Ligase
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joins
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detaches
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phosphodiester bonds
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hydrogen bonds
Frage 13
Frage
Failure to [blank_start]correct[blank_end] mistakes in DNA sequence will lead to [blank_start]permanent[blank_end] changes in [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] sequence, in turn leading to a [blank_start]mutation[blank_end]
Antworten
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correct
-
permanent
-
DNA
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mutation
Frage 14
Frage
PCR (P[blank_start]olymerase[blank_end] C[blank_start]hain[blank_end] R[blank_start]eaction[blank_end]) [blank_start]amplifies[blank_end] a gene so you can have [blank_start]multiple[blank_end] copies of the [blank_start]same[blank_end] gene. There are no [blank_start]lagging[blank_end] strands (unlike prokaryotic replication) as both strands are synthesised [blank_start]continuously[blank_end].
Antworten
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olymerase
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hain
-
eaction
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amplifies
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multiple
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same
-
lagging
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continuously
Frage 15
Frage
Select the key components of PCR
Frage 16
Frage
At what temperature does Denaturation of double stranded DNA occur during PCR?
Frage 17
Frage
At what temperature does Annealing of DNA templates occur during PCR?
Frage 18
Frage
At what temperature does extension/elongation occur during PCR?
Frage 19
Frage
What is the role of DNA polymerase I during DNA replication
Antworten
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It removes the RNA primers on Okazaki fragments
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It fills in the gaps left by removed RNA primers with complimentary nucleotides
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It adds the RNA primers on Okazaki fragments
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It fills in the gaps left by removed DNA primers with RNA
Frage 20
Frage
DNA replication begins with [blank_start]Helicase[blank_end] unwinding the DNA strands from an [blank_start]AT[blank_end] rich origin of replication, with [blank_start]Single[blank_end] [blank_start]Stranded[blank_end] [blank_start]Binding[blank_end] [blank_start]Proteins[blank_end] (SSBP) protecting the strands from [blank_start]degradation[blank_end] and stopping them from coming back together again. Topoisomerase releases [blank_start]tension[blank_end] at the replication fork by cutting and gluing the strands back together again. [blank_start]Primase[blank_end] adds an [blank_start]RNA[blank_end] primer with a chemically reactive [blank_start]3[blank_end]’ hydroxyl group, then DNA Polymerase [blank_start]III[blank_end] adds complimentary [blank_start]nucleotides[blank_end] from that hydroxyl group. On the leading strand, synthesis happens [blank_start]continuously[blank_end] in the [blank_start]5'-3'[blank_end] direction, however on the lagging strand this occurs [blank_start]discontinuously[blank_end] in the overall [blank_start]3'-5'[blank_end] direction in [blank_start]Okazaki[blank_end] fragments. RNA primers are added intermittently along the strand, with DNA Polymerase III adding the complementary nucleotides in the 5’-3’ direction. DNA Polymerase [blank_start]I[blank_end] then comes and removes the RNA primers on the leading and lagging strands, and fills in the gaps with [blank_start]complimentary[blank_end] nucleotides. [blank_start]Ligase[blank_end] forms the bonds between 3’ hydroxyl and 5’ phosphate groups, completing DNA synthesis.
Antworten
-
Helicase
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AT
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Single
-
Stranded
-
Binding
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Proteins
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degradation
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tension
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Primase
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RNA
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3
-
III
-
nucleotides
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continuously
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5'-3'
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discontinuously
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3'-5'
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Okazaki
-
I
-
complimentary
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Ligase