Week 3 - Flashcards

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week 3
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Frage Antworten
What circulating components of blood are able to induce inflammation? C3a C5a Histamine Bradykinin Serotonin
Where do NSAIDS target? COX-1 and COX-2. COX-2 are inducible inflammatory enzymes.
How do glucocorticoids work? 1. Steroid receptors are found in the cytoplasm complexed with a heat-shock protein Hsp90 2. Steroids cross the cell membrane and bind to the steroid receptor complex, releasing Hsp90 3. The steroid-receptor complex can now cross the nuclear membrane. 4. In the nucleus the steroid receptor binds to specific gene regulatory sequences and activates transcription.
Following prolonged systemic use of glucocorticoids, what side effects can manifest? - Suppression of response to infection. - Suppression of endogenous glucocorticoid synthesis. - Metabolic actions (affecting carbohydrate and protein metabolism) - Iatrogenic Cushing's Syndrome - Osteoporosis
Give examples of clinical presentations resulting from immunosuppression. - Tissue Rejection - Psoriasis - Rheumatoid Arthiritis
Give examples of some immunosuppressive drugs. - Cyclosporine A - Tacrolimus - Rapamycin
Describe the mechanism of action of Rapamycin (Sirolimus) rolimus inhibits IL-2 and other cytokines receptor-dependent signal transduction mechanisms, via action on mTOR, and thereby blocks activation of T and B cells. Ciclosporin and tacrolimus inhibit the secretion of IL-2, by inhibiting calcineurin. The mode of action of sirolimus is to bind the cytosolic protein FK-binding protein 12 (FKBP12) in a manner similar to tacrolimus. Unlike the tacrolimus-FKBP12 complex, which inhibits calcineurin (PP2B), the sirolimus-FKBP12 complex inhibits the mTOR (mammalian Target Of Rapamycin, rapamycin being another name for sirolimus) pathway by directly binding to mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1).
Explain the mechanism of action of Basiliximab. Basiliximab competes with IL-2 to bind to the alpha chain subunit of the IL2 receptor on the surface of the activated T lymphocytes and thus prevents the receptor from signaling. This prevents T cells from replicating and also from activating B cells, which are responsible for the production of antibodies, which would bind to the transplanted organ and stimulate an immune response against the transplant.[3][4]
What are the signs and treatment options for people with Eczema? - Itchy, dry red and cracked skin. - Barrier dysfunction - protein called filaggrin. Treatment: - reducing scratching - Emollients (moisturising) - Topical corticosteroids
Define and Describe Anaphylaxis It is a systemic reaction to an allergen via any exposure route. Rapid synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotriene. - Systemic vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. - Fluid enters extravascular space. - Fall in blood pressure - Severe bronchiole constriction, oedema and shock. - Similar to systemic inflammation - Anaphylaxis should always be treated as a medical emergency.
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