Cell Biology - Absite | Karteikarten

Frage	Antworten
Main Transporter that keeps intracellular compartment negative	Na/K-ATPase 3Na out/2K in
Extracellular Na, K, Ca, Mg	Na - 140 K - 4 Ca - 5 Mg - 2
Intracellular Na, K, Ca, Mg	Na - 12 K - 150 Ca - 10^-7 Mg - 7
Extracellular Cl, HCO3, SO4, HPO4, Protein, Organic Anions	Cl - 103 HCO3 - 24 SO4 - 1 HPO4 - 2 Protein - 16 Organic Anions -5
Intracellular Cl, HCO3, HPO4, Protein	Cl - 3 HCO3 - 10 HPO4 - 116 Protein - 40
Desmosome	cell-to-cell adhesion molecules
Hemidesmosomes	cell-to-ECM adhesion molecules
Tight Junction	cell-to-cell occluding junctions impermeable barrier (epithelium)
Gap Junctions	Allows communication between cells (connexin subunits)
G proteins	GTPases, intramembrane proteins, transduce signal from receptor to response enzyme
Ligand-triggered protein kinase	receptor and response enzyme are a single transmembrane protein (ex. receptor TK, insulin, epidermal GF)
ABO blood type antigens	glycolipids on cell membrane
HLA-type antigens	glycoproteins on cell membrane
Cell Cycle	G1, S (protein syn + chr duplication), G2, M (mitosis, nucleus divides)
What part of the cell cycle determines the cell cycle length?	G1
Components of Mitosis	Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Prophase	centromere attachment, centriole and spindle formation, nucleus disappears
Metaphase	Chromosome alignment
Anaphase	Chromosome pull apart
Telophase	separate nucleus reforms around each set of chromosomes
Nucleus	Double Membrane, outer membrane continuous with rER
Nucleolus	inside nucleus, no membrane, ribosomes are made here
Transcription	DNA strand is used as a template by RNA polymerase for synthesis of an mRNA strand
Transcription Factors	bind DNA and help the transcription on genes Ex: steroid, thyroid, AP-1, NF-KB, STAT, NFAT
Initiation Factors	bind RNA polymerase and initiate transcription
DNA polymerase chain reaction	uses oligonucleotides to amplify specific DNA sequences
Purines	Guanine and Adenine
Pyrimidines	Cytosine Thymadine (in DNA) Uracil (in RNA)
Number of bonds b/w pyrimidines and purines	guanine 3H bonds w/ cytosine adenine 2H bonds w/ T or U
Translation	mRNA used as a template by ribosomes for synthesis of proteins
Glycolysis	1 glucose generates 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate
Mitochondria	2 membranes Krebs cycle on inner matrix NADH/FADH2 created
Krebs Cycle Citric Acid Cycle	2 pyruvate molecules created creates NADH and FADH2 then to ETC 1glucose = 36ATP
Electron Transport Chain	NADH and FADH2 enter and form an H+ gradient and create ATP by ATP synthase
Gluconeogenesis	Lactic Acid (Cori Cycle) and AA (#1 Alanine) are converted to glucose
Cori Cycle	liver converts muscle lactate onto new glucose
rER	synthesizes proteins that are exported (increased in pancreatic acinar cells)
sER	lipid/steroid synthesis, detoxifies drugs increased in liver and adrenal cortex
Golgi Apparatus	modifies proteins with carbohydrates; proteins are then transported to cellular membrane, secreted, or targeted to lysosomes
Lysosomes	have digestive enzymes that degrade engulfed particles and worn-out organelles
Phagosomes	engulfed large particles; these fuse with lysosomes
Endosomes	engulfed small particles these fuse with lysosomes
Phospholipase C	cleaves phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphonate (PIP2) into DAG and inositol 1, 4, 5 triphosphate (IP3) IP3 then release Ca from sER
Protein Kinase A	activated by cAMP, phosphorylates other enzymes and proteins
Myosin	thick filaments, uses ATP to slide alone actin to cause muscle contraction
Actin	Thin Filaments, interact with myosin
Intermediate Filaments	Keratin (hair/nails) Desmin (muscles) VImentin (fibroblasts)
Microtubules	form cilia, neuronal axons, mitotic spindles involved in transport of organelles in cell centriole
Centriole	a specialized microtubule involved in cell division (forms spindle fibers, pull chromosome apart)

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	Erstellt von Jennifer Huber vor mehr als 6 Jahre