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Karteikarten von Medicine94, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Medicine94
vor etwa 10 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| Describe primary memory | portion of present space of time linked to conscious experience retrieval is effortless |
| Describe secondary memory | genuine past unconscious - permanent Retrieval is effortful |
| Describe Atkinson and Shriffin's 1968 Modal model of memory | |
| What is sensory memory? | sensations that persist after the stimulus has disappeared |
| How long do sensory memories last? | very rapid decay |
| What do we call visual sensory memories? | iconic |
| What do we call auditory sensory memories? | echoic |
| What name was given to experiments about capacity of sensory memory? | Sperling's experiments |
| Describe Sperling's experiments | matrix of letters shown for 1/20th second subjects asked to recall as many letters as possible |
| How many letters did subjects recall in Sperling's experiment? | 5-6 |
| How did Sperling know that subjects didn't only recall 5-6 letters because they didn't have time to view them all? | sounded a tone immediately after letters disappeared which indicated which row of letters to report. Recall was almost perfect |
| How long does memory for images last? (sensory) | 1/3 second |
| Describe Baddeley's 1986 experiment | Subjects asked to remember a string of digits whilst performing logic tasks |
| What did Baddeley's 1986 experiments show? | reasoning time increased with digit load BUT not by much error rate did not increase |
| What three parts did Baddeley and Hitch propose make up working memory? | central executive visuo-spatial sketch pad phonological store |
| What was the effect of phonological similarity of words when asked to recall? | phonological similarity massively DECREASED recall no effect of semantic similarity |
| What is the effect of word length on recall? (refer to syllables and reading speed) | correct recall related to number of syllables strong correlation between reading speed and correct recall correct recall also related to words that are quick to say |
| Give some evidence that the phonological store is separate from other stores | Several patients have reduced verbal spans perform normally on other verbal tasks intact word perception no problem with speech production |
| Where are lesions in short term memory patients? | left hemisphere parietal and temporal lobes |
| How are the contents of the phonological store refreshed? | auditory loop |
| What is the effect of disruption on the auditory loop? | poor retention in phonological store |
| What is the visuospatial sketchpad divided into? | visual cache (form and colour) innerscribe (spatial and movement information and can rehearse the contents of the visual cache) |
| Describe evidence for visuospatial sketchpad | viewing abstract pictures interfered with visual task tracing the outline of pegs on a board interfered with spatial task |
| What are the effects of exposure on encoding? | Not enough by itself (e.g. which way does the queen face on a stamp) |
| Describe the 3 types of processing and how they relate to the level of processing and retention | processing-->level-->retention orthographic-->shallow-->poor phonological-->middle-->middle semantic-->deep-->good |
| Is it better to study then test or study then study more? | study then test |
| What is transfer appropriate processing? | processing is goal directed retrieval is better if uses the same type of processing as encoding |
| What do we mean by state depended memory | Recall is better if tested in an environment similar to the one where encoding occurred |
| Is retrieval better if using your own cues or someone elses? | your own |
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