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Karteikarten von mathieteal, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von mathieteal
vor fast 10 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| Language has three highly integrated components, what are they? | 1. cognitive 2. linguistic 3. pragmatic |
| what is cognition? | manner people acquire knowledge about the world. how sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, used. planning and organizing mental operations |
| what are the five mental operations? | recognition, understaning, comprehension (attention/perception), memory, convergent thinking, divergent thinking, evaluative thinking. |
| two components of linguisitics? | form and content |
| what are the three rules of form? | phonology morphology syntax |
| what is content made up of? | semantics - meaning, topic, subject manner |
| what are pragmatics important for? | - rules and knowledge that guide language use in social settings - initiate, maintain, terminate conversation - use, function, purpose of a sentence |
| What is agnosia? | inability to imitate, copy, recognize incoming sensory information, but you don't have a sensory deficit |
| what is apraxia of speech? | motoric impairment disrupting the central motor planning and voluntary positioning of speech musculature and sequencing of muscular movements. |
| what is dysarthria? | group of motor deficits caused by impaired strength, speed, coordination of speech musculature. |
| assessments are driven by what? | goals |
| goals should describe language behaviors in: | strengths and weaknesses |
| goals should identify | existing problems |
| goals should determine | intervention goals |
| goals should facilitate what three things of language? | comprehension production use |
| dementia is: | acquired, progression, degeneration of intellectual abilities affecting several cognitive domains |
| dementia can be reversible and irreversible: t/f | true |
| reversable dementia you treat what? | underlying condition |
| what can cause reversible dementia? | depression, drug use, hearing loss, neoplasm. |
| what is the most common forms of irreversible dementia? | Alzheimer, MS, parkinson, picks |
| dementia primarily affects what in the brain? | cortical brain tissue. |
| what does speech sound like in patients with dementia? | empty verbal paraphasia impaired comprehension relatively intact repetition topic digression |
| there are subcortical dementias too, they affect what two areas? | thalamus and BG. |
| what two diseases affect subcortical regions causing dementias? | Parkinson and huntington |
| parkinson and huntinton have what sort of characteristics of speech? | decreased output, agraphia, and motor speech disturbances |
| what is found in people with mixed dementia, containing regions of cortical and subcortical changes? | LEWY bodies |
| what does vascular dementia arise from? | thrombotic and embolic occlusion |
| How many stages of dementia are there? | 3 |
| What are early signs of dementia for memory? | - forgetful and disoriented - memory, short and long, impacted |
| language abilities in early stages of dementia? | intact - successful communicators |
| early stage of dementia, problems with word finding? | yes. sometimes. |
| early stages of dementia, do they have difficulty interpreting higher-level language forms? | yes, sarcasm and humor |
| Middle stage dementia difficulty with what sort of information? | time and place |
| Middle stage dementia how are memory abilities? | impaired. Can't manage personal finances, employment, medications |
| Middle stage dementia how are conversational abilities? | difficult for turn taking, topic maintenance, topic switching. |
| Middle stage dementia how is language output? | - vague - empty - irrelevant |
| Middle stage dementia do they have problems with auditory and reading comprehension? | yes... all modalities |
| late stage dementia how is their orientation? | very dependent on others for ADL. |
| late stage dementia language output? | may be completely void mute comprehension also devestated |
| auditory and visual agnosia are signs not associated with aphasia but what problem? | RH functions |
| when assessing someone with dementia, what do you need to take into account? | complications - motor impairments - medical conditions - post stroke psychobehavioral disorders |
| How can you assess cognitive abilities? | all processes by which sensory information is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, used |
| recognition and understanding mean? | knowing and awareness |
| what is memory? | taking new information and storing it. |
| aphasia has impairments in what kinds of memory? | short (working memory) and long. |
| What are the three kinds of thinking? | convergent divergent evaluative |
| which form of thinking is this: generation of logical conclusions from given information? | convergent |
| what kind of thinking: generation of logical alternatives from a set of given information? | Divergent thinking |
| logical deductions or compelling inferences and generation of locigal necessities is what kind of thinking? | convergent |
| thinking that achieves the best outcomes is what? | convergent |
| when there is not one single right answer, what kind of thinking is this? | divergent |
| when a thinker isn't aware of a thought at the beginning of a particular line or thought is what kind of thinking? | divergent |
| variety, quantity, relevance of output from one source is what kind of thinking? | divergent |
| when you use knowledge to compare or to focumlate evaluations in terms of known criteria, what kind of thinking is this? | evaluative |
| when you use judgment to make a decision, what kind of thinking is this? | evaluative |
| what kind of thinking uses: correctness, completeness, identity, relevance, adequacy, utility, safety, consistency, social custom? | evaluative |
| what is executive function? | collection of cognitive abilities that enables success to complete independent, deliberate, novel behaviors |
| reason, problem solving, strategic thinking, and decision making are all what kind of functions? | executive |
| when you are self aware, what is this a function of? | executive function |
| what two areas may persons with aphasia have difficulties with in executive functioning? | problem solving decision making |
| you need to assess attention with aphasia, why? | are they alert and able to maintain attention. |
| How should you test attention in individuals with aphasia? (contexts) | structured and unstructured. |
| How can you assess memory in individuals with aphasia? | do they know: time, place, person |
| how can you assess thinking in aphasia? (4) | - confrontational naming - matching tasks - sentence completeion - Q and Z with specific required responses |
| what is always impaired in persons with aphasia: form, content, use? | content |
| what is content? | meaning, topic, subject matter of individuals, utterances, conversation. |
| what are impaired cognitive abilites in person's with aphasia? | perception, memory, thinking |
| how can you test receptive abilities of persons with aphasia? | ask them to point to real life objects, people, actions, attributes, relationships, categories, numbers, letters |
| how can you test comprehension in connected language? | through discourse or sentence level |
| is gesture usually tested in the battery of aphasia exams? | no. |
| individuals with severe auditory comprehension deficits but with mild of minimal reading impairments have better/worse gestural recognition? | better |
| what is language form? | syntax - system of rules used to order words and relate them to one another to express ideas, etc. |
| is syntax normal to be lacking in aphasia? | yes. |
| there are two types of form words: | 1. substantive - open class 2. relational - closed class |
| what are substantive (open class) word forms? how are they assessed? | verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs through picture use. |
| what are relational word forms? | Prepositions, conjunctions, articles |
| Individuals with aphasia have difficulty with comprehension in what situations? (4) | 1. thematic roles 2. number of verbs 3. verb argument 4. number of prepositions or thematic roles |
| impairments in the ability to produce language content are sometimes/always/never part of aphasia? | always. |
| how can a person use category naming? | - classify related words (shape, size, color) - conceptually (fruits) - functionally (can be eaten) |
| how can you check verbal fluency? | - name as many objects/things you can within a category |
| what is confrontational naming? | you name/write what an item is based off a picture |
| give an example of automatic serial naming? | count to 20, name the days of the week, sing happy birthday |
| what is recognition naming? | label an item |
| what is repetition naming? | you say exactly what I say. |
| how do you get an acquired lanuage disorder? | result from brain injury; commonly stroke |
| what area of language can be impaired with an acquired language disorder? | all: production, comprehension, cognitive processes, |
| what is the hallmark of aphasia? | word finding difficulties |
| what is aphasia not? (4) | - problem of sensation (hearing/vision) - motor problem (dysarthria/apraxia) - through processing problem (dementia) - loss of intelligence |
| what is the acronym to spot a stroke? | FAST |
| what does FAST mean for strokes? | F: face A: arms S: speech T: time |
| what cant you control to prevent stroke? | age, gender, race, family history, personal stroke history, TIA |
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