Biology definitions

Frage	Antworten
PATHOGEN	ORGANISM THAT CAUSES DISEASE BY DESTROYING CELLS OR RELEASING TOXINS
ANTIGEN	PROTEIN THAT CAUSES AN IMMUNE RESPONSE
ANTIBODY	QUATERNARY PROTEIN THAT DEMOBILISES ANTIGENS BY FORMING AN ANTIBODY-ANTIGEN COMPLEX. IT HAS A VARIABLE REGION THAT HAS A SPECIFIC COMPLEMENTARY SHAPE TO AN ANTIGEN
RISK FACTOR	THE PROBABILITY THAT DAMAGE MAY OCCUR
DIGESTION	PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OF FOOD
HYDROLYSIS	SPLITTING OF A MOLECULE WITH WATER
POLYPEPTIDE	LONG CHAIN OF AMINO ACIDS
ACTIVATION ENERGY	THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF ENERGY REQUIRED TO BRING ABOUT A REACTION
COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR	MOLECULE THAT BINDS TO THE ACTIVE SITE OF THE ENZYME
NON-COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR	BINDS TO THE INHIBITION SITE AND CHANGES THE ACTIVE SITE SHAPE
CELL FRACTIONATION	THE PROCESS BY WHICH CELLS ARE SPLIT UP AND ORGANELLES SEPARATED
PROKARYOTIC CELLS	CELLS THAT DON'T HAVE A NUCLEUS OR MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLE
EUKARYOTIC CELLS	HAVE A NUCLEUS, CHROMOSOMES AND OTHER MEMBRANE-BOUND ORGANELLES
HYDROPHILLIC	ATTRACTED TO WATER
HYDROPHOBIC	REPELLED BY WATER
DIFFUSION	THE NET MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES OR IONS FROM A REGION OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO A REGION OF LOW CONCENTRATION
OSMOSIS	THE PASSAGE OF WATER FROM A REGION OF HIGH WATER POTENTIAL TO A REGION OF LOW WATER POTENTIAL, ACROSS A PARTIALLY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE
ACTIVE TRANSPORT	THE MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES OR IONS INTO OR OUT OF A CELL FROM A REGION OF LOWER CONCENTRATION TO A REGION OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION USING ENERGY AND CARRIER MOLECULES
PULMONARY VENTILATION	Tidal Volume x Ventilation Rate
MYOGENIC	CONTRACTION OF THE HEART IS INITIATED FROM WITHIN THE MUSCLE ITSELF
ATHEROMA	A FATTY DEPOSIT IN THE WALL OF AN ARTERY
THROMBOSIS	WHEN AN ATHEROMA BREAKS AND A BLOOD CLOT FORMS
ANEURYSM	WEAKENED ARTERY WALLS SWELL AND MAY BURST
LDL	TRANSPORT CHOLESTEROL TO TISSUES THAT MAY GET DEPOSITED=BAD
CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY	T LYMPHOCYTES RECOGNISE ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS THAT HAVE BEEN INVADED AND UNDERGO MITOSIS TO RESPOND
HUMORAL IMMUNITY	IMMUNITY INVOLVING B CELLS AND ANTIBODIES
ANTIGENIC VARIABILITY	VIRUSES SUCH AS FLU HAVE MANY DIFFERENT STRAINS WITH DIFFERENT ANTIGENS ON THEM
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES	ISOLATION AND CLONING OF A SINGLE TYPE OF ANTIBODY FROM A B CELL
ACTIVE IMMUNITY	STIMULATION OF ANTIBODY PRODUCTION BY THE INDIVIDUAL’S OWN IMMUNE SYSTEM
HERD IMMUNITY	VACCINATING MOST OF A POPULATION SO THAT NO-ONE HAS THE DISEASE AND TRANSMISSION IS STOPPED. VACCINATED LIKELY TO CONTACT NON-VACCINATED

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