4768050
Beschreibung
Karteikarten von Justo Juan Black, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Justo Juan Black
vor mehr als 8 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| What is hosted virtualization | "Runs on top of an existing host OS as an application Guests share resources donated by the host Guests are fully virtualized and assume they are standalone systems " |
| What products use it | "Vmware Workstation and Oracle’s Virtualbox " |
| What is full virtualization | "Guest operating systems are unmodified and unaware that they are being virtualized " |
| What is binary translation | hypervisor translates the binary code that the kernel of a guest OS wants to execute to the privileged and protected CPU operation |
| What is direct execution | user level code is directly executed on the processor for high performance |
| What products use it | "Vmware and Microsoft Hypervisor " |
| What are its benefits/disadvantages | Faster than hosted |
| What is Paravirtualization | "Guest OS is modified, aware of being virtualized and communicates with the hypervisor " |
| What are Hypercalls | "If the Guest needs a privileged operation that would only run in Ring 0 it does a call to the hypervisor (hypercall) and the hypervisor performs the operation for it " |
| What is direct execution | "user level code is directly executed on the processor for high performance " |
| What products use it | Xenserver |
| What are its benefits/disadvantages | "Faster (less overhead) Guests must be modified on installation " |
| What is Hardware Assisted Virtualization | "Uses virtualization extensions built into CPU’s by Intel (IntelVT) and AMD (AMD-V) Processors are optimized for virtual environments Privilege mode above ring 0 in which the hypervisor can operate essentially leaving ring 0 available for unmodified guest operating systems Privileged and sensitive calls are set to automatically trap to the hypervisor and handled by hardware, " |
| What products use it | "Used by Xenserver, VMware ESXi/Vsphere and Microsoft Hyper-v " |
| Module 2: Vmware Workstation | Module 2: Vmware Workstation |
| What is used for | "Patch OS testing Application testing Application and OS demos and training Configuration testing Easy rollback to snapshots and backups " |
| What files make up a virtual machine | ".log .nvram .vmem .vmdk .vmx .vmsd .vmsn .vmss " |
| what is in the .vmx and .vmdk files | "primary configuration file Early versions used the.cfg extension / stores the contents of the virtual machine's hard disk drive A disk can be split into chunks so you could have multiple files for a single disk " |
| What do the Vmware tools do | "An application installed in the OS so must be OS compatible Drivers Disk - buslogic scsi Video – improved resolution and performance –enable hardware accelaration NIC – vmx net nic driver –reduces CPU usage Memory Ctrl driver File System driver Additional functions Time synch b/n host and guest Ctrl shutdown thru scripting (tell vmware to shut down OS) Windows host/guest file transfer Improves performance Mouse synchronization " |
| How are MAC and IP address assigned to virtual machines | "Vmware assigns a MAC the first time a guest OS boots Can be assigned manually in .vmx file but must be unique in your system Must be valid hex " |
| What are clones | "Faster than copying Can Creates the new UUID during the cloning process Changes the MAC Don’t get as many copy errors/lost files etc " |
| What are snapshots, | "A snapshot captures the entire state of the virtual machine at the time you take the snapshot. This includes: The state of all the virtual machine's disks. The contents of the virtual machine's memory. The virtual machine settings " |
| suspensions | "speed provisioning tasks Keep standby servers suspended so they don’t use any resources but you can bring them on fast Speed will be determined by the number of changes that occurred since the VM was originally started Starts up in the same state it was suspended in " |
| folders | "power on, suspend, and resume each virtual machine in a folder separately, or you can power on, suspend, and resume all of the virtual machines in a folder simultaneously. " |
| What do each of the virtual networking components do | What do each of the virtual networking components do |
| Vmnet | "Lets you connect other networking components together. up to 20 virtual switches on a Windows host system and up to 255 virtual switches on a Linux host system " |
| Bridge | "Connects VMs to the LAN Mapped to hosts systems physical NIC VM has its own IP and Mac No VM DHCP " |
| Virtual adapters – guest and host | "Connect Guest to Host Network between virtual guest and host – isolation from physical network VMnet1 Used for guest to host testing " |
| NAT | "Translates the IP of the guest OS to the IP of the hosts physical adaptor VM DHCP Only works with TCP/IP Does not provide security (not a firewall) " |
| DHCP server | "No remote DHCP -Static -VMware DHCP server" |
| What is a vAPP | “A logical entity comprising one or more virtual machines, which uses the industry standard Open Virtualization Format to specify and encapsulate all components of a multi-tier application as well as the operational policies and service levels associated with it.” |
| Module 3: ESXi Server | Module 3: ESXi Server |
| What is a Type 1 or Type 2 hypervisor | "A Type 1 Hypervisor Bare Metal, Hyper-V, ESX, Xenserver Runs directly on Hardware (Type 2 Hypervisors run on hosted systems like Vmware Workstation) " |
| Where would you look for the system logs on ESXi | on the esxi server after login view system logs |
| How do you connect to an ESXi server to manage virtual machines and resources | "Vsphere Client primary interface for creating, managing, and monitoring virtual machines, their resources, and their hosts " |
| What is an OVF | "OVF is an open standard, specified by the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF), for packaging and distributing a virtual appliance consisting of one or more virtual machines (VMs). " |
| OVA | "An Open Virtual Appliance (OVA) is an OVF Package in a single file archive with the .ova extension " |
| Module 4: ESXi Server | Module 4: ESXi Server |
| How does ESXi manage and use memory | "The VMkernel manages all machine memory -Dedicated VMKernel memory -Virtual Machine memory " |
| Memory used by the hypervisor, Vm actual memory, dynamic memory | "1.Vm actual memory (configured size) The configured amount of a VMs memory is a VMKernel construct presented to the VM The actual amount of memory a VM is using is dependent on the Resource Settings 2.dynamic memory for the vm’s code and data (overhead) " |
| Limit | "Limit In MB " |
| overcommitment | "ESX allows more than the real physical amount of memory to be allocated in total The system can then use virtualization to dynamically allow heavily loaded VMs to use memory not being used by lightly loaded VMs " |
| shares | "Shares The more shares it has the more often it will win a competition for memory If a VM loses it has to wait for RAM " |
| reservation | "Reservation If memory contention occurs, amount of memory in MB reserved for this VM If it doesn’t use it all, the rest can be shared out " |
| Ballooning, TPS, Shadow tables | "Transparent page sharing (TPS)—reclaims memory by removing redundant pages with identical content Ballooning—reclaims memory by artificially increasing the memory pressure inside the guest Hypervisor swapping—reclaims memory by having ESXi directly swap out the virtual machine’s memory Memory compression—reclaims memory by compressing the pages that need to be swapped out " |
| How does ESXi manage CPU virtualization | "CPU virtualization emphasizes performance operations are run directly on the processor whenever possible The virtualization layer runs instructions only as needed to make virtual machines operate as if they were running directly on a physical machine." |
| Limit, reservation, shares | "Limit Max of CPU MHz this VM can use Reservation If CPU contention occurs, amount of CPU MHZ reserved for this VM If it doesn’t use it all the rest can be shared out Shares The more shares a VM has the more often it gets a CPU timeslice when there is no idle time " |
| affinity | "assign a virtual machine to a specific processor " |
| How does ESXi ensure reservations (Admission Control) | "When you power on a virtual machine, the system checks the amount of CPU and memory resources that have not yet been reserved. Based on the available unreserved resources, the system determines whether it can guarantee the reservation for which the virtual machine is configured (if any). If enough unreserved CPU and memory are available, or if there is no reservation, the virtual machine is powered on. Otherwise, an Insufficient Resources warning appears. " |
| What is a resource pool | "Allows you to divide up the resources of an ESX server into subsets – often used with clustering Isolates the resources of groups of vms Assign VMs to pools Manage the pools Shares Reservations Limits Expandable Reservation " |
| What factors affect ESXi CPU performance | "CPU Affinity – for an individual vm this is efficient but it constrains the ESX scheduler and can unbalance loads on the processors Idle VMs If CPU contention exists, the scheduler forces virtual CPUs of lower priority VM to queue their CPU requests " |
| Module 5: Storage and Networks | Module 5: Storage and Networks |
| What is a Vmnic in ESXi | "physical Nic in the server not a virtual nic attached to a virtual machine " |
| What is a Vmkernel in ESXi | "Vmk (vmkernel) - Vmotion, iSCSI and NFS interface " |
| What are Vswitchs, in ESXi | "Connects to physical switches by using physical Ethernet adapters (vmnics) (uplink adapters) to join virtual networks with physical networks " |
| port groups | "Port Groups allow administrators to group vNICs from multiple VMs and configure them simultaneously " |
| distributed switchs | "A vNetwork Distributed Switch acts as a single vSwitch across multiple hosts on a datacenter allowing vm’s to maintain consistent network configuration as they migrate across multiple hosts. " |
| What are physical volumes/partitions, volume groups, logical volumes and luns, and why do we use them | "Physical Volume or Partition A disk or an area of a disk that has a unique name and is treated as a separate disk. Volume Group A set of one or more physical volumes from which space can be allocated Logical Volumes A collection of physical partitions organized into logical partitions all contained in a single volume group LUN logical unit number an addressing scheme used to define SCSI devices an entire physical disk subset of a larger physical disk disk volume " |
| What is an ESXi datastore | A place for continually storing and managing collections of data |
| What do the different types of virtual disk provisioning do (thin, thick) | Thin provision - allocation of storage space but in a flexible manner. Will only use what it needs, up to the maximum that was set by user. Thick provision- allocation of total storage space that was by user. |
| What kind of storage can ESXi connect to? | "SMB/CIFS NFS iSCSI " |
| How does ESXi connect to the different types of storage | ? |
| How does the VMFS file system differ from other file systems | "allow multiple physical hosts to read and write to the same storage simultaneously. on‐disk locking to ensure that the same virtual machine is not powered on by multiple servers " |
| What is OpenFiler | A way to deploy and manage networked storage. It also lowers deployment and maintenance costs for networked storage without compromising functionality or performance |
| Module 6: Vsphere | Module 6: Vsphere |
| What are the components of a Vsphere datacenter | "The whole Data Center -VMs -ESX hosts -Resource Pools -Clusters -Data Stores -Virtual Switches " |
| What is the Vsphere software, where is it installed and what does it do | vsphere is a client application that allows you to have access to the VMware swuite of virtualization products and you install it on a machine connected to the network. |
| What is Vmotion | "The live migration of running virtual machines from one physical server to another with zero down time, continuous service availability, and complete transaction integrity. " |
| Storage Vmotion | "Live migration of virtual machine disk files across heterogeneous storage arrays with complete transaction integrity and no interruption in service for critical applications. " |
| HA, | "HA for applications running in virtual machines In the event of server failure, affected virtual machines are automatically restarted on other production servers that have spare capacity" |
| DRS | "DRS – Distributed Resource Scheduler Balances computing capacity dynamically across collections of hardware resources for VMs " |
| DPM | "DPM – Distributed Power Management When virtual machines in a DRS cluster need fewer resources, such as during nights and weekends, DPM consolidates workloads onto fewer servers and powers off the rest to reduce power consumption. " |
| What is a Vsphere cluster | ? |
| What are the requirements and configuration of vmotion, HA, DRS, DPM and Clustering | ? |
| Quiz1 | Quiz1 |
| which type of virtualization uses hypercalls | Paravirtualization |
| which type of virtualization requires the guest operating system to be modified | paravirtualization |
| what is the benefit of allocating all of the disk space immediately when you create a new card disk on a virtual machine | slightly better performance and you wont run out of virtual disk space if your actual physical disk begins to get full |
| in a vmware .vmx file, what do the following lines mean scsi0: 0.present = TRUE scsi0: 0.filename = windows 7 vmdk | vmware workstation will emulate a scsi bus #0 with hard drive #0 for this virtual machine, and the contents of that hard drive can be found in the windows7.vmdk file |
| vmware workstaton keeps the contents of a virtual machines hard drive in a file that ends with | .vmdk |
| vmware workstations make up the UUID from the two things | Physical computer identifier path to the vm |
| the software construct that connects the virtual network adapter in your vmware workstation virtual machine to the physical ethernet adapter in your host computer is called a | Bridge |
| which of the following is no true of the vmware workstation cloning process | defragments disk file during the cloning process |
| when creating a virtual machine on ESX what does thin provisioned means | the storage is allocated on demand as data is written to the virtual disk |
| what does transparating page sharing do in ESX | condenses redundant memory pages on a host into one page |
| what must you do to a vm so that you can have a drag and drop file transfer between a windows host and a windows vm in vmware workstation | (Written answer by juan) install vmware tools in the vm |
| what is an ova | (Written answer by juan) open virtual appliance is an OVF package in a single file archive with an owa extension |
| the vmkernel manages all machine memory and uses dedicated vmkernel memory, when runing a virtual machine you need memory for two things what are they? | (Written answer by juan) the vms memory and tracking (not sure) |
| whats a virtual appliance | (Written answer by juan) A set of virtual machines optimized and packaged together to provide a specific function |
| what is hardware assist virtualization and what does it do | (Written answer by juan) uses virtualization extensions built into the cpus (intel -v) privileged mode above ring 0 in which the hypersensor can operate |
| describe how bare metal or hypervisor type 1 based virtualization differs from hosted virtualizations and what its benefits are | (Written answer by juan) in a hosted virtualization the guests share resources that are donated by the OS this is slow because it has to go through the OS in hypervisor the guest machines are aware that they are vms and they use hypercalls to directly talk to ring 0 and allocate resources |
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