Memory keywords

Frage	Antworten
Memory	COLLECTION OF INFORMATION stored in the brain
Capacity	The AMOUNT of information that can be held in a memory store
Coding	The FORMAT in which information is stored in the various memory stores
Duration	The LENGTH OF TIME information can be held in memory
Short term memory store	Limited capacity (7+- 2 items) Coded acoustically Duration = 30 seconds
Long term memory store	Permanent duration - up to a lifetime Coded semantically (meaning) Unlimited capacity
Multi-store model	A theory of how memory works in terms of 3 stores (sensory register, short term memory store, long term memory store). It describes how information is transferred from store to store and how things are remembered and forgotten.
Sensory register	Store for each of our 5 SENSES Vision = iconic store (visual coding) Hearing = echoic store (acoustic coding) Capacity of store is HUGE SHORT duration
Episodic memory	Long term store for personal events e.g. a birthday party or a wedding
Semantic memory	Long term store for our knowledge of the world. Facts like the capital of countries, meanings of words, etc.
Procedural memory	Long term memory store for our knowledge of how to do something e.g. ride a bike, bake a cake. Things we remember with little conscious effort
The working memory model	A theory of short term memory. suggests STM is a dynamic processor of different types of info using sub-units coordinated by a central decision-making system
Central executive	The component of the WMM that co ordinates the activites of the 3 subsystems, it also allocates processing resources to those activites
Phonological loop	Component of WMM that processes information in terms of sound. This includes written and spoken material. Divided into phonological store and articulatory process
Visuo spacial sketchpad	Component of the WMM that processes visual and spacial information
Episodic buffer	Component of the WMM that brings together material from the other subsystems into a single memory rather than separate strands. Provides a bridge between long term and short term memory
Interference	Forgetting because one memory blocks another, causing one or both memories to be distorted or forgotten
Proactive interference	Forgetting when OLDER memories DISRUPT NEWER memories
Retroactive interference	Forgetting when NEWER memories disrupt OLDER memories
Retrieval failure	Form of forgetting Occurs when we don't have the cues we need to access the memory The memory is still available, but can only be retrieved when a suitable cue is provided
Cue	A 'trigger' of information allowing us to access a memory. Cues may be linked directly or indirectly. Cues may be external (environmental e.g. go downstairs to remember what you went up for) or internal (mood or degree of drunkenness e.g. learning on antihistamine drugs and recalling on them)
Eyewitness testimony	Ability of people to remember the detail of event e.g. accidents and crimes that have been observed Accuracy of eyewitness testimony can be affected by factors e.g. misleading info, leading questions and anxiety
Misleading information	Incorrect information given to the eyewitness usually after the event. E.g. leading questions, post event discussion between co witnesses and other people
Leading question	A question which, because of the way its phrased, SUGGESTS A CERTAIN ANSWER. E.g. 'Was the knife in the accused left hand?' This suggests the answer if 'left hand'.
Post event discussion	Occurs when there's more than one witness to an event. Witnesses may discuss what they've seen with co-witnesses or with other people. This may influence witness recall
Anxiety	State of emotional and physical arousal Worried thoughts and feelings of tension Increased heart rate and sweatiness Anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of eyewitness testimony
Cognitive interview	Method of interviewing eyewitnesses to help them retrieve more accurate memories Uses 4 techniques: report everything, reinstate context, change perspective, reverse the order

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	Erstellt von Mollie Thompson vor mehr als 8 Jahre