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Beschreibung
Karteikarten von Michelle Jones4531, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Michelle Jones4531
vor mehr als 8 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| Behavior Modification Programs | Training courses that use rewards and reprimands to stimulate changes in behavior |
| Behaviorism | The ethological approach that states behavior is learned rather than genetically programmed |
| Breaking Litter Box Training | When a cat urinates or defecates someplace other than its litter box |
| Classical Conditioning | The type of conditioned learning that associates stimuli occurring at approximately the same time or in roughly the same area |
| Classical Ethology | The ethological approach asserting that much of what animals know is instinctive or innate |
| Conditioned Stimulus | Sensory input unrelated to a simple reflex behavior |
| Dance | A complex pattern of movements performed by a bee that directs other bees to a food source |
| Ethology | The study of animal behavior |
| Evolution | The scientific theory that characterizes all related organisms as descended from common ancestors |
| Fixed Action Patterns | A term used by early ethologists to describe stereotypical or predictable behaviors of a species |
| Function | In ethological terms, survival value (of certain types of behaviors) |
| Habituation | The process of learning that certain objects and events have little bearing on survival and can thus be ignored |
| House Soiling | Urinating or defecating inside the home |
| Imprinting | The acquisition in the very young of certain fixed action patterns |
| Innate | Instinctive |
| Instinct | A complex of unlearned responses characteristic of a species |
| Instrumental Learning | Learning by trial and error |
| Natural Selection | The process that awards survival and reproductive success to individuals and groups best adjusted to their environment |
| Naturalists | Natural scientists |
| Nature-Nurture Controversy | The crux of two opposing schools: classical ethology, which views animal behavior as primarily instinctive, and animal psychology, which views animal behavior as primarily learned |
| Operant Conditioning | The type of conditioned learning that associates a certain activity, known as the operant, with punishment or reward |
| Operant | Functioning or tending to produce effects |
| Postparturition | After giving birth to offspring |
| Recognition of Individuals | The process that allows animals to distinguish their place in a social context broader than their relationship with primary caregivers |
| Sensitive Period | A specific stage early in an animals life when imprinting occurs |
| Social Behavior | The ways individual members of the same species interact with one another |
| Socialization | The process of adapting to contact with others |
| Sociobiology | The study of the biological basis of social behavior |
| Spraying | Staining vertical surfaces with a strong-smelling urine |
| Stimulus-Response Theory | The psychological school of thought stating that all complex forms of behavior, including emotions, thoughts, and habits, are complex muscular and glandular responses that can be observed and measured |
| Territorial | Prone to defining and defending areas of sleep, eating, exercise, and play |
| Unconditioned Response | A simple reflex behavior |
| Unconditioned Stimulus | Sensory input that produces a simple reflex behavior |
| Wobble | A training maneuver designed to disorient a bird by abruptly dropping the hand it's perched upon |
| Positive Reinforcement | Rewarding good behavior; any immediate, pleasant occurrence that follows a behavior |
| Negative Reinforcement | An unpleasant occurence used to create a desired behavior |
| Punishment | An unpleasant occurrence used to eliminate an undesirable behavior |
| Negative Punishment | Involves removing a desirable occurrence to decrease a behavior |
| Positive Punishment | Involves adding an undesirable occurrence to decrease a behavior |
| B.F Skinner (1904-1990) | Considered the foremost expert on the mechanism of operant conditioning |
| Critical Socialization Period (Puppies) | 4-14 Weeks |
| Critical Socialization Period (Kittens) | 2-8 Weeks |
| Agression | Behavior bred from an impulse to harm another being |
| The Critical Period | Period of time when puppies and kittens learn to interact with their own species |
| Canine Separation Anxiety | when dogs, typically younger, have severe anxiety when separated from owner |
| Conflict-related Aggression | Occurs when a dog is exposed to uncomfortable or uncertain stimulus or conflict |
| Fear-induced Aggression | Occurs when animal is in a position from which it can't escape, also loud noises, children, or specific people (most common type of aggression see) |
| Predatory Agression | Hunting type aggression, differs from other aggression because animal will not give a warning in the form of a growl or other threatening behavior |
| Pain-induced Aggression | Painful animals have a tendency to bite (Aggressive behavior related to pain is a protective instinct) |
| Inter-male Aggression | Male dog and cats commonly display aggression towards each other, natural instinct |
| Territorial Aggression | Dogs aggressive towards humans that aren't members of household (cats will sometimes be aggressive to other cats) |
| Command-Response-Reward | Involves giving command and immediately rewarding the desired response every time its performed (until consistent response) |
| Clicker Training | Behavior modification or training techinque; use a clicker by first associating the sound with a reward |
| Extinction | Behavior modification; involves completely removing the reinforcement for the behavior |
| Aversion Therapy | Involves creating a relationship between an unpleasant stimulus and an object that an animal may be marking, chewing, or damaging in some way |
| Avoidance Therapy | Use of negative reinforcement to diminish a problem behavior; goal for pet to link behavior w/ an unpleasant event and then avoid it in future |
| Habituation | Involves surrounding animal w/ stimulus causing problem until animal becomes used to it and is no longer afraid *Use to treat minor behavior problems only |
| Punishment | Used to eliminate an undesirable behavior; must occur every time behavior occurs, applied immediately, be of appropriate intensity, should not connect owner with it |
| Counter Conditioning | Involves taking stimulus linked to negative emotion and reconditioning or counter conditioning the animal by linking stimulus to positive emotional response |
| Desensitization | Diminishing particular behavior by gradually exposing animal to stimulus that produces inappropriate response |
| Environmental Modification | Changes animals environment to address issue (ie: cat defecating out of litter box might need the location changed or a different brand of litter) |
| Dominance Aggression | Aggression that may occur when an owner attempts to assert dominance over a dog, such as taking food bowl away |
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