Genetics

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Science Revision
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Chromosomes Thread-like structures found in the nucleus. Composed of proteins and DNA. Contain genetic information in the form of genes.
DNA Nucleic acid with deoxyribose sugar and phosphate as the backbone. Determines the characteristics of most living things.
Genes Sections of DNA that carry genetic information for specific characteristics.
Phenotype Observable characteristics of an organism.
Mitosis Results in daughter cells identical to the parent cells.
Meiosis Results in daughter cells with only half the identical genetic information as the parent cell.
Mutation A problem that occurs in the copying stage of a cell.
Asexual reproduction Involves only one parent and results in two identical offspring.
Sexual reproduction Involves two parents that mix DNA to produce unique offspring.
Heredity The passing of traits and characteristics through generations.
Allele Variants of a gene.
Dominant Bound to occur if both alleles or just one are dominant.
Recessive May not show up. Depends on the second allele.
Homozygous Where both alleles are of the same type.
Heterozygous When the alleles are of differing types.
Punnet square A technique used to predict both the phenotype and genotype of an organism.
Sex linked genes Determine whether an organism is male or female. Eg. XY = Male while XX = Female
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