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Beschreibung
Karteikarten von DauntlessAlpha, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von DauntlessAlpha
vor mehr als 10 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| What is an atheroma? | The presence of fatty material/LDLs in the walls of arteries |
| How does an atheroma form? | If damage to the endothelium occurs, (by high bp) WBCs and lipids under endothelial lining to form a fatty streak which hardens over time to form a fibrous plaque called an atheroma |
| How can an atheroma lead to thrombosis? | An atheroma plaque can rupture the endothelium of an artery and this damages the artery wall and leaves a rough surface - platelets and fibrin accumulate at the site of damage to from a thrombus. This blood clot can cause a complete blockage of artery or can become dislodged and block a blood vessel elsewhere in the body. |
| How can an atheroma lead to an aneurysm? | Atheromas lead to weakened arterial walls and increased bp and when blood pulses through it at high pressure, inner layers of artery may push through the outer elastic fibres leading to a balloon-like swelling called an aneurysm. May burst and called a haemorrhage |
| What cause myocardial infarction? | The heart muscle is supplied with blood by the coronary arteries. If a coronary artery becomes completely blocked an area of the heart muscle will be totally cut of from its blood supply receiving no oxygen - causes MI |
| What is CHD? | When coronary arteries have lots of atheromas in them, which restricts blood flow to the heart. |
| How are obesity, excessive alcohol intake and high salt intake risk factors of CHD? How can this then lead to MI? | All of those increase the bp which increases the risk of damage to the coronary artery walls. Damaged walls have an increased risk of atheroma (increased risk of CHD) formation causing a further increase in blood pressure. The atheroma formation can lead to increased risk of blood clots which can lead to MI |
| How can a diet high in saturated fat lead to CHD? How can this then lead to MI? | A diet high in saturated fat is associated with high blood cholesterol levels. This can lead to an increased risk of atheroma formation (and CHD) which can lead to blood clots and MI |
| How can smoking lead to CHD? | Decreases no. of antioxidants which are important for protecting cells from damage leading to damage to coronary artery walls which can lead to CHD |
| How can smoking lead to myocardial infarction? | Carbon monoxide combines with haemoglobin and reduces the amount oxygen transported in the blood so reduces amount of oxygen available to tissues. If the heart muscle doesn't receive enough oxygen it can lead to a MI |
| What is a risk factor? | Anything that increases the likelihood of getting a disease |
| Give 4 lifestyle risk factors of CHD? | 1) Smoking 2)Diet (high in salt or fat), obesity 3) Levels of physical activity 4) Excessive alcohol intake |
| What are lifestyle risk factors of cancer? | 1) Smoking 2) Excessive exposure to sunlight 3) Excessive alcohol intake 4) Physical activity 5) Diet |
| What reduces the risk of cancer and CHD? | 1) Don't smoke 2) Do exercise 3) Reduce salt intake 4) Reduce intake of saturated fats (cholesterol) in diet 5) Safe levels of alcohol consumption 6) Increase intake of dietary fibre and antioxidants in diet |
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