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Karteikarten von alexlpeart, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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| Frage | Antworten |
| Define Average life expectancy and Maximum lifespan. | Average life span- the mean value of how long people will live. Maximum lifespan - the longest anyone has ever lived i.e. the oldest that has been know to achieve. |
| Give examples of factors which affect average life expectancy which we, as humans, are able to change. | Socio-economic status, sanitation, housing, medical care and nutrition |
| Give factors which affect life span which we can't change. | Muscle mass, specific metabolic rate, DNA repair rate. |
| What is the inborn aging process? | Aging changes at an exponentially increasing rate with age, increasing the risk of death and disease as we become older |
| What is the rate of living hypothesis? | The faster an organism's metabolism the faster their rate of living, therefore the shorter their lifespan will be. |
| What is the hormetic response? | the theory that a little bit of stress over your lifetime causes an adaptive effect and therefore stressors are good because they generally increase you antioxidant defence. |
| based on evidence relating to healthy aging, should someone aged 50 supplement their diet with antioxidants? Give the paper which shows this. | Data 2013, No because this would remove the stressor, therefore reducing endogenous antioxidant capacity, which is significantly important in the prevention of ageing. |
| Give a study which shows markers of oxidative stress increase with age? | Roberts 2001, saw a much larger spread of values for F2-isoprostanes in older rats as well as a higher mean value. |
| What is the difference between centenarians and normal people in their antioxidant profiles? | They have higher vitamin A (measured as retinol) and E, and lower SOD compared to normal elderly people. Mecocci 2000 |
| What happens to vascular oxidative stress as we age? Give a study which shows this and give the measure they used. | Increased, Donato 2007. 3-nitrotyrosine was measured to assess vascular oxidative stress. Found to decrease in elderly people (62-65 yrs) compared to young (22-25yrs) |
| Describe the link between levels of LDL oxidation and arterial stiffness. Explain why this might be the case. Give a study which found this. | higher oxidised LDL was correlated with higher arterial stiffness because oxidized LDL no longer recognized by receptors in macrophages, therefore taken up by a generic receptor which is unregulated creating foam cells and stiffening arteries. (Brinkley 2009) |
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