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Karteikarten von Poppy Hardman, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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The Brain
Image:
Brain1 (image/png)
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weighs 1300-1400g 100 billion neurones protected by skull/cranuim + membranes called meninges (inflammation of meninges called meningitis) |
| Ventricles of the Brain | contains 4 ventricles - filled with cerebro spinal fluid which supplies glucose & oxygen, protects against shocks + mechanical injury maintains contract pressure in and around the brain |
| Regions of the Brain | forebrain - hypothalamus, thalamus & cerebrum midbrain - contains nerve fibres that link the forebrain to the hindbrain hindbrain - contains medulla oblongata + cerebellum |
| Medulla Oblongata | controls breathing, heart rate & blood pressure contains centres of the autonomic nervous system |
| Hypothalamus | receives info about body from nerve impulses from many parts of the brain intergrates the infomation then brings about responses through autonomic nervous system or from secretions of pituitary gland acts as coordinating centre functions - regulates body temp, solute conc, thirst hunger and sleep helps control secretion of hormones from endocrine glands, directly connected to the pituitary gland |
| Thalamus | important relay centre, sending and recieving info to and from the cerebral cortex correlates seveerl precesses incl consciousness, sleep and sensory interpretation |
| Hippocampus | learning, reasoning & personality limbic system structure - important in forming new memories one on left one on right hemishere of the brain |
| Cerebellum | maintenance of posture + coordination of voluntary muscular activity also involved in learning of tasks which require carefully coordinated movements largest division of the brain - largest division of the brain, divided by buncle of nerves called corpus callosum |
| Cerebral Cortex | functions - thinking, language, emotions, personality, planning, memory |
| Frontal | memory formation, emotions, decision making/reasoning, personality |
| Temporal | hearing, organisation/comprehension of language, information retrival |
| Occipital | processing, intergration, interpretation of visual stimuli |
| Parietal | sences + sensations, spacial awareness + perceptions |
| Human Nervous System | Nervous System -CNS Brain & Spinal cord & Periheral Nerous System Somatic & Autonomic |
| Autonomic Nervous System | includes all the motor neurones that take information to the internal organs controls - activity of the smooth muscle in the body rate of breathing in the in the cardiac muscle sympathetic - fight or flight parasympathetic -rest and digest |
| Sympatheitc | axons of motor neurones pass to all organs within the body neurotransmitter released is noradrenaline increase in - heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, dilation of pupil of the eye |
| Parasympathetic | nerve pathways involved all begin in brain, top of spinal cord, bottom of spinal cord acetylchocine released decreases heart + breathing rate control of the heart: cardiac muscle are myogenic. SAN generates an action potential which travels through the AVN and purkyge fibres cardiovascualr system in the medulla oblongata effect freq of contractions action potentials sent along accelerator nerve increase heart rate |
| Medulla Oblongata | controls heart rate sympathetic is linked to the sino atrial node - increases heart rate Parasympathetic - decreases heart rate |
| Cerebral cortex | divided into 3 areas according to function 1 - snesory areas - receive sensory info from receptors in the body 2 - association areas - process + interpret information 3 - motor areas - initiate responses |
| Sensory Areas | recieve impulses from different sense organs 2 hemisphreres recieve info from different sides of the body, left hemsphere from right primary sensory areas recieve impulses first |
| Assiciation Areas | recieve impulses from the primary sensory area memory, reasoning, judgement, emotions & verbilisation |
| Motor Areas | generate nerve impulses which are carried via motor neurones to effectors (muscle) on other side of the body |
| Broca's Area | prodcution of articulate speech (clear and fluent) involved in analysing the grammatical structure of sentances, helps to extract meaning from sentances motor neurones from Broca's area stimulates the muscles of the mouth, larynx + intercostal muscles & diaphram to produce sounds injury to area means you might know what words you are trying to say but dont come out - expressive aphasia |
| Wernicke's Area | involved in the interpretation of written & spoken language vital for locating appropriate words from memory to understand someone called receptive aphasia |
| MOtor Homunclus | if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of brain concerned with its movement |
| Sensory Homunclus | if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of brain concerned with sensory perception |
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