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AQA Biology Paper 1 Flashcards
Cards in this deck (42)
- 1Name three features of arteries-Walls are strong and elastic
-Thick walls
-Contain layers of muscle - 2Name three features of capillaries-Permeable walls for diffusion
-Walls only one cell thick
-Carry blood close to the cell - 3Name three features of veins-Vein walls less thick than artery's
-Bigger lumen to help blood flow
-Contain valves to keep blood flowing in the right direction - 4What shape are red blood cells?Biconcave
(Like a doughnut!) - 5Why do red blood cells have a specific shape?So that it has a larger surface area for carrying oxygen! Those particles are pretty big...
- 6What do platelets do?Help blood clot
- 7What is does plasma do?Carries everything in the blood (nutrients)
- 8What is the name for an INFECTIOUS disease?Communicable disease
(you can COMMUNICATE ya sick with other people) - 9Put BACTERIA, PROTISTS, FUNGI and VIRUSES in size orderFungi, Bacteria, Viruses, Protists
- 10What kind of organisms are Protists?Single-celled Eukaryotes
(Remember: You-Carry-Oats) - 11Give me a disease caused by a fungusRose Black Spot!
It causes the leaves to go YELLOW and fall off. (Bumblebee disease, spots are black, leaves are yellow) - 12Name the three MAIN Viral diseases (That you HAVE to know, like, it's mandatory)Measles, HIV and TMV (tobacco mosaic virus)
Remember: HIV, TMV, Measles, si? - 13Name a disease caused a protistMalaria (Remeber, the microorganism has to be very small to fit inside a mosquito...)
- 14Name FOUR ways to prevent the spread of disease-Be hygienic
-Destroying vectors (carriers)
-Isolate Infected Individuals
-Vaccination - 15Describe what happens in PRECLINICAL TESTING of drugs-Drugs are tested on human cells and tissues in a lab
-The drug is then tested on live animals to test for efficacy and toxicity
-The law in Britain means the drug should be tested on two different live MAMMALS - 16Describe what happens in the CLINICAL TRIAL of a new dug-Drug is tested on healthy volunteers (test for side effects)
-Low dose given at the start
-Drug is then tested on sick people
-Put patients into two groups (one gets the drug, other gets placebo)
-CLINICAL TRIALS ARE BLIND
-Results of trials are peer-reviewed, then published - 17How do we extract monoclonal antibodies?-Mouse is injected with an antigen
-B-lymphocytes are main in the mouse's to fight the antigen
-At the same time, tumour cells are made in a lab
-B-lymphocytes are taken from the mouse and fused with the tumour cell
-Creates a HYBRIDoma
-This divides quickly and creates the monoclonal antibody - 18How are monoclonal antibodies used in pregnancy tests?-Part of the stick has antibodies to HCG with blue beads attached
-The test strip has more antibodies to HCG stuck to it
-Antibodies bind to HCG and move up the stick (carrying blue beads)
-Blue beads and HCG bind to the fixed antibodies
-Beads stuck to test strip, test strip goes blue - 19What is respiration?The process of transferring energy from GLUCOSE
- 20Give three examples of how organisms use the energy from respiration-Build up larger molecules
-Contracting muscles
-Keep body temperature regular - 21Give the word equation for aerobic respirationglucose + oxygen --> Carbon dioxide + water
- 22Give the symbol equation for aerobic respirationC6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O
(Respiration is the devil's work) - 23What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?glucose ----> lactic acid
Simple! - 24What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?glucose ----> ethanol + carbon dioxide
- 25Name each part of the nervous system-CNS
-Sensory Neurones
-Motor Neurones
-Effectors - 26List the reflex arc, from Stimulus to Response-Stimulus
-Receptor
-Sensory Neurone
-CNS
-Motor Neurone
-Effector
Response
SRSCMER! Catchy... - 27Name the steps taken by the body when blood glucose level is too HIGH-Glucose levels high
-Insulin secreted by pancreas
-Glucose moves from blood into liver/muscle cells
-Insulin makes liver turn glucose into glycogen
-Blood glucose restored - 28Name the steps taken by the body when blood glucose level is too LOW-Glucose levels low
-Glucagon released by pancreas
-Glucagon makes liver make glucose
-Glucose released into blood by liver
-Blood glucose restored - 29What does Type 1 diabetes cause?Pancreas produces little/no insulin
- 30What does Type 2 diabetes cause?Body becomes resistant to its own insulin
- 31What is the function of the kidneys?To act as filters to clean the blood
- 32Describe the process of making and removing urea-Excess proteins are converted into fats/carbohydrates
-Ammonia is a waste product from this process
-Ammonia is converted to urea and excreted in urine - 33How does the body respond when water levels are too HIGH?-Water levels too high
-Brain receives information and coordinates a response
-Pituitary gland reduces less ADH
-Less water absorbed from kidneys
-Water levels restored - 34Describe the process of dialysis-Blood flows between partially permeable membranes
-Dialysis fluid has the same concentration of glucose as healthy blood
-No useful ions lost, only waste
-Clean blood returned to body - 35Name three problems with kidney transplants-Long waiting list/High demand
-Risk of rejection
-Risky surgery, painful recovery - 36Name the reproductive hormones made (and where they're made) in men and womenMEN: Testosterone, made in testes
WOMEN: Oestrogen, made in ovaries - 37Describe the menstrual cycleDay 1: Uterus lining breaks down
Day 4: Uterus lining builds back up from day 4-14
Day 14: An egg develops and is released from an ovary
Day 28: If no fertilised egg lands on the uterus, then the cycle restarts - 38Name the four hormones involved in the menstrual cycle-FSH
-Oestrogen
-LH
-Progesterone - 39What is the role of FSH?-Produces in pituitary gland (Fish swim in the Pit)
-Causes an egg to mature (Mature Fish Eggs)
-Stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen - 40What is the role of Oestrogen-Produced in ovaries
-Causes uterus lining to grow (Growstrogen)
-Inhibits LH and FSH - 41What is the basic idea of genetic engineering?Transfering a gene with desirable characteristics from one organism to another
- 42Four examples of genetic engineering?-GM crops
-Sheep producing medicinal milk
-GM treatments for inherited disease
-Insulin-producing bacteria
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- Flashcards on AQA Biology Paper 1 Flashcards, created by Catherine Gannon on 28/02/2018.
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