21958694
Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
over 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the three types of ionotropic receptors? What does each do? | 1. Trimeric (uses K+/Ca2+/Na+) Depolarises 2. Tetrameric (Glutamate/AMPA) Depolarises 3. Pentameric (NACHR/Glycine/GABA) Depolarises+Hyperpolarises |
| What normally keeps ionotropic receptors closed? | Hydrophobic AA Chain |
| What happens when a ligand binds to an ionotropic receptor? | Conformational change as hydrophilic parts of pore orient inwards to let pore in |
| Where is the tyrosine kinase receptor located and what is its structure? | 1. Located on the membrane 2. Transmembrane receptor with ligand binding site and 3 Tyr on bottom |
| What first happens when a ligand binds to a monomer of TKR? | Dimerisation, 2 TKR joined by disulphide bonds |
| How is the dimerised TKR activated? | Autophosphorylation |
| What does activated TKR do? | Recruits and activates RAS activating protein, which leads to GDP-->GTP on RAS |
| What does activated RAS do? | activates MAP kinase signalling, wherein activated MAP Kinase kinase kinase phosphorylated to MAP Kinase |
| What does MAP Kinase change? | Protein phosphorylation/gene transcription, leading to cell signalling |
| What is an example of TKR? | Insulin |
| What does insulin do? | 1. Increase glucose/fat/protein formation 2. Increase glucose uptake 3. Increase glucose utilisation 4. Increase glycogen formation |
| Where are DNA Binding/nuclear receptors located? | In the cell |
| What is the structure of DNA Binding/Nuclear receptors? | Has 1. Ligand binding site 2. Zinc fingers for DNA binding 3. Coactivator region |
| What occurs when a hydrophobic cell enters a molecule and binds to a nucleur receptor? | Dimerization |
| What occurs following the dimerisation of a nuclear receptor? | Translocation of the receptor into the nucleus, where it binds to regulatory parts of DNA |
| What do nuclear receptors impact? | mRNA transcription and changes in protein synthesis |
| What are examples of nuclear receptors? | Steroid/thyroid hormone/Vit D/Glucocorticoid/Retinoic Acid/retinoid/Sex hormone receptors |
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