3325372
Description
Flashcards by Jessica Margaux Mercado, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jessica Margaux Mercado
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| polygonal cells ecto/endodermal origin | Carcinoma |
| spindle-shaped cells mesodermal origin | Sarcoma |
| Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia; Philadelphia Chromosome | translocation: chromosome 9 & 22 = BCR-ABL chimera |
| Neuroblastoma | Amplification of N-MYC gene (2p, double minute) |
| Burkitt's Lymphoma | t(8;14) = MYC protein |
| Walker's Law | 50% of Px w/ newly diagnosed solid malignant neoplasms have metasteses |
| Two-hit hypothesis: Retinoblastoma | both alleles of RB gene at 13q14 |
| common mutated genes in cancer | p53, RAS, BRCA1/2 |
| protein products assist oncogene activity | EGF, PDGF, CSF-1, TGF-a |
| multiple malignancies, develop at a younger age, multiple primary tumors of varying types (syndrome? mutation?) | Li-Fraumeni Syndrome deletion of one arm of p53 |
| most common carcinogen? | Radon |
| pre-cancerous conditions in which malignancy is most likely to occur | liver cirrhosis, chronic ulcerative colitis, atrophic gastritis, epidermal actinic keratosis, oral leukoplakia |
| competitive antagonist of estrogen receptor | Tamoxifen |
| cancers most seen in young adult males | Testicular, Hodgkin's |
| cancers more frequent in older men | Prostate Cancer |
| cancers most frequent in children | leukemia, brain tumors |
| overexpression of PDFGB (PDGF-B chain) | Astrocytoma |
| overexpression of HST1 (fibroblast growth factors) | Osteosarcoma |
| amplification of FGF3 (fibroblast growth factors) | Stomach, Bladder, Breast CA, Melanoma |
| overexpression of TGF-A (TGF-a) | Astrocytoma |
| overexpression of HGF | Hepatocellular carcinomas, Thyroid cancer |
| mutation/amplification of ERBB1, ERBB2 (EGFR, HER) | Adenocarcinoma of lung, Breast carcinma |
| point mutation of FLT3 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3) | Leukemia |
| point mutation of RET (receptor for neurotrophic factors) | Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A and B, Familial medullary thyroid carcinomas |
| overexpression/translocation of PDGFRB (PDGF receptor) | Gliomas, Leukemias |
| point mutation in KIT (receptor for KIT ligand) | GI stromal tumors, seminomas, leukemias |
| translocation/fusion gene formation of ALK (ALK receptor) | Adenocarcinoma of lung, certain lymphomas |
| point mutation of ALK | Neuroblastoma |
| point mutation of KRAS (G protein) | Colon, Lung, Pancreatic tumors |
| point mutation of HRAS (G protein) | Bladder and Kidney tumors |
| point mutation of NRAS (G protein) | Melanomas, Hematologic malignancies |
| point mutation of GNAQ (G protein) | Uveal melanoma |
| point mutation of GNAS (G protein) | Pituitary adenoma, other endocrine tumors |
| translocation of ABL (nonreceptor tyrosine kinase) | Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia |
| point mutation of ABL (nonreceptor tyrosine kinase) | Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| point mutation, translocation of BRAF (RAS signal transduction) | Melanomas, Leukemias, Colon carcinoma |
| point mutation, translocation, gene arrangement of NOTCH1 (Notch signal transduction) | Leukemias, Lymphomas, Breast carcinoma |
| translocation of JAK2 (JAK/STAT) | Myeloproliferative disorders, ALL |
| translocation of MYC (transcriptional activators) | Burkitt Lymphoma |
| amplification of NMYC (transcriptional activators) | Neuroblastoma |
| translocation of CCND1 (Cyclin D1) | Mantle cell lymphoma, Multiple myeloma |
| Amplification of CCND1 (cyclin D1) | Breast and Esophageal cancers |
| amplification/point mutation of CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase) | Glioblastoma, Melanoma, Sarcoma |
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