AP NSL Chapter 1

Question	Answer
Government	The institutions that make authoritative decisions for any given society are collectively known as government.
Pubic goods	Goods that cannot be denied to anyone and must be shared.
Politics	The process by which we select our governmental leaders and what policies they pursue.
Political participation	All the activities that citizens use to influence the selection o political leaders or the polities they pursue. Voting is the most common version of this.
Single-issue groups	Groups that have narrow interest, tend to dislike compromise and often draw membership from people new to politics.
Policy making system	The process by which policy comes into being and evolves over time. People's interests, problems, and concerns create political issues that shape policy.
Linkage institutions	The political channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the policy agenda.
Policy agenda	The issues that attract the serious attentions of public officials and other people actually involved in politics.
Political issue	An issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it.
Policy making institiuions	The branches of government charged with taking action on political issues.
Public policy	A choice that government makes in response o a political issue.
Policy impacts	The effects that a policy has on people and society's problems.
Democracy	A system of selecting policy makers and of organizing government so that policy represents and responds to the public's preferences.
Majority rule	A fundamental principle that in a democracy, choosing among alternatives requires tat the majority's desire be respected.
Minority rights	A principle of traditional democratic theory that guarantees right sot those who do no belong to majorities and allows them to join a majority.
Representation	A basic principle of traditional democracy that describes the relationship between the few leaders and the many followers.
Pluralist theory	A theory of government and politics emphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each on pressing for its own agenda.
Elite and class theory	A theory of government and politics contending that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper-class elite will rule, regardless oft he formal niceties of governmental organization.
Hyperpluralism	A theory of government and politics contending that groups are so strong that government is weakened. An extreme form of pluralism.
Policy gridlock	A condition that occurs when no coalitions is strong enough to form a majority and establish policy, nothing gets done.
Political culture	The political value and ideals that are held up by all citizens of a country.
Laissez-faire	An economic belief that the economy will regulate itself without any government involvement.
Populism	Theory that politics should respond to the need of the common person.
Gross domestic product (GDP)	The sum total of the value of all good and services produced in a nation.
Individualism	The belief that individuals should be left on their own by the government.

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