35728389
Description
Flashcards by Jester King, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jester King
almost 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Chromatin | What chromosomes are made of |
| Histones | Proteins that make up the Chromatin |
| Sister Chromatids | Identical copies of DNA formed by the replication of said DNA |
| Centromere | Narrow middle connecting the Sister Chromatids |
| Centrosome | Specialized Organelle involved in the process of cell division |
| Mitotic Spindle | Made of spindle fibers, separates the duplicated chromosomes |
| Fibers | Individual spindle fibers, microtubular structure present in cells |
| Centriole | Anchors for the Spindle Fibers |
| Cleavage Furrow | Indentation in a cell as it begins to cleave/split into two cells |
| Cell Plate | Equivalent of a cleavage furrow in terrestrial plants; separates the daughter cells |
| Cytokinesis | cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, creating daughter cells |
| Homologous Chromosomes | Chromosomes that pair at meiosis; have the same structural features and pattern of genes |
| Chromosomes | Structure of nucleic acids and proteins that carry genetic information (genes) |
| Haploid | A single set of unpaired chromosomes; half the number of chromosomes |
| Diploid | Containing two complete sets of chromosomes; whole number of chromosomes, one from each parent |
| Crossing Over | Swapping of genetic material that occurs in the germ line; Allows the formation of gametes and unique genes |
| Random Assortment | the way chromosomes are organized in daughter cells; allows for unique genes |
| Karyotype | An individual's collection of chromosomes |
| Gametes | Sex cells; sperm or egg Also known as germ cells |
| Autosomes | Non-sex chromosomes; broad definition |
| Sex Chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual; X and Y chromosomes |
| Phenotype | Observable characteristics of an individual |
| Genotype | Genetic constitution of an organism; influences phenotypes |
| Gene | Basic unit of heredity; consists of nucleotides arranged in a linear manner; DNA |
| Allele | Different forms of a gene; Hair colors, eye colors, etc. |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles of a particular gene; Punnett square thing, BB, bb |
| Heterozygous | Having two differing alleles of a particular gene; Punnett Square thing, Bb |
| True Breeding | A type of breeding in which the parent(s) with a particular phenotype produce only offspring with that same phenotype |
| Sex-Linked Inheritance | Traits inherited by the offspring that are linked to their sex chromosomes |
| Barr Body | A small structure in the cell nuclei of female mammals, containing an inactive X chromosome; When an X chromosome expresses only one gene |
| Hemizygous | An individual who has only one member of a chromosome pair rather than the usual two |
| Sex-Influenced Traits | Autosomal traits influenced by sex; If a male has one recessive, he will show, but a female requires two recessives |
| Multiple Alleles | Three or more alleles for a particular gene; the presence of multiple alleles (ABO blood type group) |
| Pleiotropy | One genotype impacts multiple phenotypes |
| Polygenic Inheritance | Multiple genotypes impact a single phenotype |
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