363703
Description
Flashcards by jessica.neilan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jessica.neilan
about 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| what are the three types of biological rythms? | infraradian (+24) circadian (24hours) ultraradian (-24) |
| What are the three types of timing systems organisms seem to have developed? | circadian clock, interval timing, millisecond timing |
| what behaviour does the circadian clock influence? | metabolic and behavioural rythms like appetite and the sleep-wake cycle |
| what part of the brain is thought to house the circadian clock? | the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus - SCN |
| by what mechanism is the circadian clock thought to work? | through a molecular network of transcriptional feedback loops |
| what part of the brain is interval timing thought to rely on? | striatum |
| what behaviour involves interval timing? | foraging, decision making, conscious time estimation |
| what mechanism is thought to underlie interval timing? | striatal LTP/LTD |
| what behaviour is involved in millisecond timing? | speech, music, motor control |
| what part of the brain has it been suggested may play a role in millisecond timing? | cerebellum |
| in what way is timing like conditioning? | it allows an organism to anticipate future states |
| how is the environment involved in timing? | it provides an exogenous, periodic event that allows the organism to predict the occurrence of future events |
| what are three non-imaging forming responses to light? | pupil constriction, sleep regulation, circadian entrainment |
| what are the cells in the retina responsible to non0image forming responses to light? | photosensitive retinal ganglion cells |
| what part of the brain is involved in sleep induction? | VLPO - ventral lateral preoptic nucleus |
| Which part of the brain is involved in pupil constriction? | Olivary pretectal nucleus - OPN |
| what photoreceptor in retinal ganglion cells is thought to be used in nonimage forming responses to light? | melanopsin |
| what are parietal eyes? | third eyes found in some animals like lizards that are sensitive to light and regulate circadian rythms |
| what are three examples of zeitgebers? | light, food and social cues |
| what two things are eliminated when the SCN is lesioned? | overt rhythmic behaviour and electrical neural rhythmicity |
| what type of circadian patterns do SCN tissue cells continue to express in vitro? | electrical activity and vasopressin release |
| what effect does cocaine have on a persons perception of time? | it speeds it up |
| what are dyssomnias? | sleep disorders |
| what is the clinical word for sleep walking? | somnambulism |
| what two dyssomnias are associated with slow wave sleep? | night terrors and somnambulism |
| what are four dissomnias accosiated with REM sleep? | lucid dreaming sleep apnea (stop breathing) sudden infant death syndrome narcolepsy |
| what is cataplexy? | a sudden weakness of the muscles of the body |
| what is narcolepsy? | a hypersomnia usually brought on by exciting or emotionally charged events |
| what drugs are used to suppress narcoleptic attacks? | amphetamines |
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