36641912
| Question | Answer |
| A 1y ME Pug presents with 2 week history of haematuria and stranguria. USG 1.020, pH 5.6, Plain abdominal radiographs were unremarkable, urinary retrograde contrast study identified 3 moderate sized radiolucent cystoliths. Stone type? | Acidic urine, radiolucent stone = URATE |
| Urate stones | |
| Which stones form secondary to liver disease / PSS? | Hepatic insufficiency --> increased uric acid and ammonia --> URATE |
| Which stones are dalmatians predisposed to? | URATE |
| 3y MN Dalmation, Acute onset dysuria, Plain abdominal radiographs were unremarkable, Retrograde contrast urethrogram identified 3 radiolucent urethroliths and multiple radiolucent cystoliths • You successfully retropulse the urethroliths and have left a foley urinary catheter-in-situ • USG 1.032, pH 5.8 | URATE |
| 3y FN DSH 4 day history of vomiting and 2 days progressive lethargy. Large and painful left kidney • Plain abdominal radiographs = radio- opaque left ureterolith • Abdominal ultrasound = markedly dilated left renal pelvis and proximal ureter • USG 1.038, pH 6.2 | Calcium oxalate |
| 13 week old FE Weimeraner, 4 day history of PUPD, Inappetance, V+, Large intestinal pattern d+, Lethargy. Icteric sclera, Mms CRT <2 seconds, salmon pink/hypersalivation, HR 140/minute, synchronous, hyperdynamic pulses, Mild-moderate bilateral comfortable renomegaly, Mild pyrexia 39.4oC. First line tx? | Isotonic crystalloid; 10ml/kg over 10-15 minutes |
| What is the USG range for isosthenuria | 1.008-1.012 |
| What is adequately concentrated urine for a dog and cat? | dog >1.030, cat >1.040 |
| A dog is azotemic with a USG of 1.010, what is the cause of azotemia? | RENAL |
| What percentage of nephron loss causes azotemia? | 75% |
| What is rubber jaw caused by? | decreased GFR, decreased phosphate excretion, PTH secretion, inadequate renal function to excrete phosphate --> incr PTH, bone resorption |
| What is restricted in a urinary diet? | Protein, phosphorous, sodium |
| What 3 things are used for IRIS STAGING? | creatinine, proteinuria, BP |
| How does CKD cause anaemia? | reduced EPO production and increased RBC fragility |
| How do you treat hypertension in cats v dogs | cats = amlodipine (ca blocker) dogs = benazepril (ACEi) |
| What are the 4 features of nephrotic syndrome? | proteinuria hypoalbuminaemia hypercholesterolaemia oedema/effusion |
| What is the difference in regeneration after ischemic v toxic insult to tubules? | ischemic = disrupts BM = no regen toxic = BM left intact = scaffold for regen |
| What are the features of Faconi syndrome? | euglycaemia with glycosuria |
| Polycystic kidney disease occurs in which breed of cat usually | Persian |
| Most common bladder neoplasia in dogs, and location | TCC, in bladder trigone |
| What type of contrast should you use for urinary tract imaging? | water soluble, iodinated contrast |
| What stone is likely if a dog has alkaline urine and the stone appears on plain x-ray | struvite |
| What stone is likely if a dog has acidic urine, and the stone shows on positive contrast radiography? | Urate |
| Name the two types of anti-proteinuric drugs | ACEi and Angiotensin receptor blockers |
| How does phenylpropanolamine act to treat USMI? | increases pressure on urethra / increases urethral resistance |
| Which three drugs can be used with urethral spasm? | Prazosin Dantrolene Diazepam |
| What are the three types of drugs to treat urethral spasm, and what muscle type do they act on? | alpha adrenergic antagonist - SMOOTH dantrolene - SKEL diazepam - SKEL |
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Image:
Pkd (binary/octet-stream)
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PKD |
| Hydronephrosis | |
| Urolithiasis |
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