Trauma

Question	Answer
5 types of shock:	hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, neurogenic, obstructive
hypovolemic	loss of pump, pipes, or liquid
cardiogenic	pump failure, occurs after a MI, which causes damage to the heart and the damaged muscle cannot pump forcefully enough for perfusion
distributive	sepsis, anaphylaxis
obstructive	tamponade, tension pneumo, massive pulmonary embolism
epinephrine is important for homeostasis because:	it is a natural hormone produced by the adrenal glands. it stimulates the SNS. it is also a vasoconstrictor and a bronchodilator.
when using epi, what will happen?	the vital signs will go up. BP will increase due to the blood vessels constricting. respirations will increase as well. pupils will dilate
what does the SNS do?	speeds everything up
when a person lands on their feet, what type of energy travel is this?	axial loading injuries. the energy transfers to the feet upwards through the spine
index of suspicion	your awareness of unseen injuries when dealing with traumatic scenes and injuries
which type of motor vehicle collisions presents the greatest potential for multiple impacts?	rollover and rotational, due to ejection and partial ejection
if one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:	suspect that the same injuries have occured to those who have survived due to the MOI
1st collision	the vehicle striking an object or another vehicle
2nd collison	the occupant of the vehicle strikes the interior of the vehicle (steering wheel, dashboard, etc.)
3rd collision	the inside organs of the occupants striking the internal structure of the body
main injury from 3rd collison?	coup-contracoup. when the anterior part of the brain strikes the front part of the skull and the stretching or tearing the posterior part of the brain occurs. causes bruising, swelling, and bleeding of the brain. can also cause a torn aorta.
constriction	when a person is exposed to a cold environment
what happens in constriction?	the blood shunts away from the organs not needing as much blood flow like the skin. the blood shunts to the core of the body to warm the organs needed to perfuse more.
hypothermia	below 95
mild hypothermia	temp 90-95, pt shivering, remove wet clothing, place heating packs under the arm and groin, cover with blankets, and turn on heater
moderate-severe hypothermia	rewarm at hospital due to dysrhythmias
when to remove an impaled object?	interference with CPR, if not create a donut shape with bulky dressings
flail chest	when 3+ ribs are fractures in 2 segments which causing them to detach from the thoracic cage. paradoxical (unequal chest wall movement upon inhalation or exhalation)
simple pneumothorax	air fills inside of the pleural space causing the lung to collapse
S&S of simple pneumo	absent or diminished breath sounds, dyspnea, low o2 sats (94%-) hypoxia, cyanosis
open pneumo	air fills in the pleural space due to an open would/injury
risk with open pneumos	subcutaneous emphysema and air embolisms, treat w/ an occlusive dressing taped down on 3 sides
tension pneumo	occurs due to the above injuries going untreated for a period of time until there is a shift on the mediastinum
S&S of tension pneumo	JVD and tracheal deviation (opposite side of the affected lung), absent breath sounds on affected side, chest pain, dyspnea, low o2
closed chest injury	caused from blunt force trauma, can range from mild to severe
S&S of closed chest injury	contusions, possible internal bleeding, pain over site of injury
cardiac tamponade S&S?	when fluid or blood fills within the sac this encases the heart becks triad, narrowing pulse pressure, JVD
cardiac contusion S&S?	bruising of the heart muscle after chest injury occurs irregular pulse, bruising to the chest
commotio cordis	blunt force impact to the chest directly over the heart during a critical position of the heart/s electric activity cycle, will cause ventricular fibrillation
the thoracic cavity is separated from the abd cavity by the ____?	diaphragm
if one femur is broken mid-shaft apply a ____	traction splint
if two are broken ____	bind them together and transport
solid organs are ____	vasculature and made up of a lot of blood vessels, meaning internal bleeding could occur if hit
hollow organs are organs which material can ____	pass through. if it is injured the contents of the organ can leak into the abd cavity
abdominal evisceration treatment?	when abd organs protrude from the abdc due to trauma cover with moist sterile dressing with an occlusive dressing on top
the kidneys help to regulate bp by:	regulating and filtering sodium and water from the body
spleen	helps filter blood but has no digestive function
referred pain	pain that may present in an alt place from where the actual problem is
kidney injuries S&S?	usually due to trauma, especially blunt force bruising in the flank, pain and tenderness will be present, possible hematuria
epistaxis causes? S&S? treatment?	nosebleed -allergies, sinus infection, hypertensive emergencies (sys 180+) -headache, blurred vision, ringing in the ears -pinching the nose and leaning the patient forward, hold for 20 mins
S&S of a upper, lower GI bleed, and accessory S&S	upper: blood will be bright red lower: blood will be dark (like coffee grounds), blood will be seen when the pt vomits or blood out of anus -hematemesis, signs of shock, melena
abd aortic aneurysm (triple A) S&S?	an aneurysm develops int he abd aorta around the umbilicus -pt will experience tearing sensations in abd and between the back and shoulder blades. a pulsating mass can be felt upon palpation of abd -if it ruptures it is a dissecting aortic anneurysm
perfusion components?	adequate amount of oxygen and blood flow circulating to all tissues, cells, and organs in the body -heart (pump), container (vessels), blood (content)
chemical burns	if it is a powder substance, remove clothing, brush it off
eye injuries	always cover both eyes
if a pt complains of flashing lights, specks, or "floaters" they have MOST likely experienced a ____?	blow out fracture, both eyes will appear to be looking in dif directions
cushing's triad	hypertension, bradycardia, cheynne stokes
ICP S&S?	fluids builds up inside or around the brain inside the skull -AMS, loss of consciousness, cushing's triad

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	Created by Emily Kyrk 7 months ago