Question 1
Question
The normal ICP range is between 5-10mmHg. Anything over [blank_start]15[blank_end]mmHg is considered to be a high ICP
Question 2
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[blank_start]Hydrocephalus[blank_end] is an accumulation of excessive CSF within the ventricular system of the brain.
Question 3
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The normal volume of CSF is ...
Answer
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120-150ml
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100-130ml
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150-170ml
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150-250ml
Question 4
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As CSF travels from the 3rd to the 4th ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct, some can escape via two distinct foramen called ...
Answer
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The foramen of Magendie
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The foramen of Luschka
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The foramen of Roberts
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The foramen of Winslow
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The foramen of Panizza
Question 5
Question
Types of Hydrocephalus:
[blank_start]Communicating[blank_end] = Obstruction to CSF flow originates outside the ventricular system (e.g. subarachnoid space)
[blank_start]Non-Communicating[blank_end] = Obstruction to CSF flow originates within the ventricular system
Answer
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Communicating
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Non-Communicating
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Obstructive
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Non-Obstructive
Question 6
Question
Raised ICP can cause coning of the brainstem, which leads to death due to ...
Answer
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Lack of ability to breathe normally
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Lack of ability to regulate heart rate (extreme bradycardia causes death)
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Immunosuppression (death via infection)
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Loss of downwards neurological controls
Question 7
Question
Temporal lobe uncal herniation typically leads to compression of which cranial nerve?
Answer
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Oculomotor Nerve
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Trigeminal Nerve
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Facial Nerve
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Glossopharyngeal Nerve
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Vagus Nerve
Question 8
Question
In children, 70% of tumours arise below which structure?
In adults, approximately 70% of tumours arise above this structure.
Answer
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Tentorium Cerebelli
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Diaphragm Sellae
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Pons
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Corpus Callosum
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3rd Ventricle
Question 9
Question
In both children and adults, the most common type of tumour is ...
Answer
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Astrocytoma
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Oligodendroglioma
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Ependymoma
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Meningioma
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Schwannoma
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Lymphoma
Question 10
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If an astrocytoma shows neovascularization, it is most likely to be a ...
Question 11
Question
Which astrocytoma is the most common brain tumour in children?
Question 12
Question
The second most common brain tumour in children after pilocytic astrocytoma is ...
Answer
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Medulloblastoma
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Craniopharyngioma
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Meningioma
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Ependymoma
Question 13
Question
Is medulloblastoma more sensitive to chemo or radiotherapy?
Answer
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Chemotherapy
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Radiotherapy
Question 14
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This patient, who suffered from headaches and fever, is likely to have suffered which condition?
Question 15
Question
Common causes of bacterial meningitis:
[blank_start]E.coli[blank_end] = Neonates
[blank_start]H.Influenzae[blank_end] = Infants & Children
[blank_start]Neisseria Meningitidis[blank_end] = Adolescents & Young Adults
[blank_start]Listeria Monocytogenes[blank_end] = Older Adults
Answer
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E.coli
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H.Influenzae
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Neisseria Meningitidis
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Listeria Monocytogenes
Question 16
Question
Coup & Contracoup Brain Injuries:
[blank_start]Coup[blank_end] = Occurs to the brain on the side of the impact
[blank_start]Contracoup[blank_end] = Occurs to the brain on the diametrically opposite point of impact
[blank_start]Contracoup[blank_end] injuries are typically the more severe injuries.
Answer
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Coup
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Contracoup
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Contracoup
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Coup
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Contracoup
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Coup
Question 17
Question
Diffuse Axonal Injury is typically caused via [blank_start]blunt[blank_end] trauma to the head. This lesions typically affect the [blank_start]central[blank_end] structures of the brain and, if they don't cause immediate death, leads to multiple clusters of [blank_start]microglial[blank_end] cells throughout the white matter weeks after injury.
Answer
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blunt
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penetrative
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central
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peripheral
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microglial
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oligodendritic
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astrocytic
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neutrophilic