GI anatomy

Question	Answer
Floor of the mouth and lateral walls of the mouth are defined by which muscles?	Mylohyoid (thinner of the two muscles) Buccinator
Teeth and gums innervation	Divisions of the trigeminal nerve Mandibular inferior Maxillary superior
Number of teeth per quadrant for the new stages?	5/8
Main fan shaped muscle of the tongue	Genioglossal
Two differences between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?	Intrinsic not connected to bone, Intrinsic change the shape of the tongue whereas the extrinsic move the tongue
Root of the tongue connected to what?	Hyoid and mandible bone
Epithelium type on the surface of the tongue and its function?	Keratinised stratified squamous, protection
Two parts of the tongue Anterior 2/3 Posterior 1/3 Describe innervation?	M-Hypoglossal (facial) S-Glossopharyngeal+Mandibular T-Facial+Glossopharyngeal
Name the internal pharynx muscle that is posterior to the Eustachian tube	Salpingopharyngeus
Innervation of salivary glands?	Glossopharyngeal + otic Facial + submandibular Facial + submandibular
Name all VAN pass through parotid gland?	Facial ECA- maxillary superior temporal Retromandibular
Epithelium type of oesophagus and blood supply?	SSE Inferior thyroid thoracic aorta Left gastric artery
Four main constrictions of oesophagus?	T10 hiatus Arch of aorta Left main bronchus Cervical pharyngoesophageal
Main cause of peptic ulcers?	NSAIDs
Duodenum retro or intra?	Superior part is intra, descending ascending and inferior is retro
Type of epithelium	cuboidal
Major duodenal papilla has what to things draining into it?	Bile duct and pancreatic duct Accessory pancreatic duct drains into minor duodenal papilla
What landmark denotes the border between coeliac and superior mesenteric zones?	Major duodenal papilla
Pancreas retro or intra? Supplied by which three arteries?	Retro Splenic and superior and inferior pd arteries
Spleen relations?	Anterior- Stomach Posterior- kidney Medial- pancreas Lateral- diaphragm
Caudate or quadrate which is more superior?	Caudate
Name the vessels that are at the porta hepatis	HA/HPV/HD
Bloody supply of the liver	80% portal 20% systemic
Ligamentum teres was once what?	Umbilical vein
Falciform ligament divides what and was what once?	Divides left and right lobe ductus venusos
Bile duct is formed from what?	Cystic duct coming from the GB and hepatic duct coming from the liver
What does the stomach secrete than means the bile will be released	Cholecystokinin
Gonadal arteries branch where?	Anterior surface of the aorta immediately inferior to SMA
Drainage of the Gonadal veins	Right gonadal drains straight into IVC Left gonadal drains straight into left renal
Inguinal ligament attachments	ASIS/pubic tubercle
Define the boundaries of inguinal canal	Anterior- external oblique aponeurosis Posterior- transversalis fascia Inferior- Inguinal ligament Superior- Internal oblique/transversus abdominis
What does it contain?	Spermatic cord Round ligament of the uterus
What level does coeliac/SMA/IMA branch off the aorta?	L1 L1 L3
Name the arteries that branches off between SMA and IMA?	Renal artery/gonadalt
Main branches of SMA?	Jejuneal/ileum/ileocolic Right and middle colic (marginal)
What does the terminal ileum absorb? And what does it also recycle?	B12 Bile
Branches of IMA	Superior rectal Left colic Sigmoidal
Rectum is superior or inferior to levator ani?	Superior
Describe blood supply to the rectum?	Superior-Superior rectal Inferior-Middle rectal
Where do they branch from?	SRA-IMA MRA-IIA
Pectinate line separates?	IAS and EAS Smooth and skeletal
Rectum origins? Types of epithelial	Superior-endoderm Inferior-ectoderm columnar and stratified squamous
Incontinence can be caused by?	Weakness of levator ani muscles

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	Created by James Murdoch about 9 years ago