4308089
Description
Flashcards by Edward Randall, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Edward Randall
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Ontology | The study of the nature of existence or reality |
| Epistemology | The theory of knowledge – what does it mean to know and how do we know what we know? |
| Epistemology and ontology together | impact upon our theoretical perspective and research plan (methodology) |
| Inductive reasoning. What does it work towards? What is it associated with? Quantitative or Qualitative? | Inductive Reasoning: No prediction or hypothesis required. Works from evidence towards theory. Often associated with exploratory / descriptive /qualitative studies. |
| Deductive Reasoning What does it work from and what does it test for? Quantitative or Qualitative? | Deductive reasoning Works from theory and tests for evidence developing specific predictions from general principles. Often associated with quantitative studies. |
| Positivism / objectivism / realism | POSTIVISM / OBJECTIVISM / REALISM stable and exist outside of the social environment. objective truth that exists externally to the research process. OBJECTIVE stance, tests theories/hypotheses, ESTABLISH CAUSE AND EFFECT QUANTITATIVE |
| INTERPRETIVE / CONSTRUCTIONIST / NATURALISTIC APPROACH / RELATIVISM | INTERPRETIVE / CONSTRUCTIONIST / NATURALISTIC APPROACH / RELATIVISM social phenomena are SUBJECTIVE AND CHANGE. Acknowledges subjectivity, explores EXPERIENCE and MEANING GENERATE THEORY (associated with a QUALITATIVE approach). |
| CRITICAL REALISM / PRAGMATISM– (mixed methods approach). | Critical realism / pragmatism – recognises that social structures influence actions but are not directly observable, interpretation is needed also, supports practicalities and literal truth (mixed methods approach). |
| So what does it all mean? | what the researcher believes about the NATURE of EXISTENCE or REALITY (ONTOLOGY) and their VIEW OF KNOWLEDGE and how we KNOW WHAT WE KNOW (EPITEMOLOGY) in relation to a particular topic will determine the way in which the research is approached and carried out at a practical level. |
| A researcher taking an objectivist/ positivist view, (quantitative approach) may want to establish facts using a “scientific approach” and try to make links between cause and effect. They may use an experiment to ‘test’ an existing theory (deductive reasoning). | A researcher taking a constructionist/ interpretive (qualitative) stance may take the view that there is no “one true reality” and that experience of an event / situation is dependent upon time/ place / person. They may conduct interviews to explore subjective experience and generate theory (inductive reasoning). |
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