5319253
Description
Flashcards by Mollie Thompson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Mollie Thompson
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Memory | COLLECTION OF INFORMATION stored in the brain |
| Capacity | The AMOUNT of information that can be held in a memory store |
| Coding | The FORMAT in which information is stored in the various memory stores |
| Duration | The LENGTH OF TIME information can be held in memory |
| Short term memory store | Limited capacity (7+- 2 items) Coded acoustically Duration = 30 seconds |
| Long term memory store | Permanent duration - up to a lifetime Coded semantically (meaning) Unlimited capacity |
| Multi-store model | A theory of how memory works in terms of 3 stores (sensory register, short term memory store, long term memory store). It describes how information is transferred from store to store and how things are remembered and forgotten. |
| Sensory register | Store for each of our 5 SENSES Vision = iconic store (visual coding) Hearing = echoic store (acoustic coding) Capacity of store is HUGE SHORT duration |
| Episodic memory | Long term store for personal events e.g. a birthday party or a wedding |
| Semantic memory | Long term store for our knowledge of the world. Facts like the capital of countries, meanings of words, etc. |
| Procedural memory | Long term memory store for our knowledge of how to do something e.g. ride a bike, bake a cake. Things we remember with little conscious effort |
| The working memory model | A theory of short term memory. suggests STM is a dynamic processor of different types of info using sub-units coordinated by a central decision-making system |
| Central executive | The component of the WMM that co ordinates the activites of the 3 subsystems, it also allocates processing resources to those activites |
| Phonological loop | Component of WMM that processes information in terms of sound. This includes written and spoken material. Divided into phonological store and articulatory process |
| Visuo spacial sketchpad | Component of the WMM that processes visual and spacial information |
| Episodic buffer | Component of the WMM that brings together material from the other subsystems into a single memory rather than separate strands. Provides a bridge between long term and short term memory |
| Interference | Forgetting because one memory blocks another, causing one or both memories to be distorted or forgotten |
| Proactive interference | Forgetting when OLDER memories DISRUPT NEWER memories |
| Retroactive interference | Forgetting when NEWER memories disrupt OLDER memories |
| Retrieval failure | Form of forgetting Occurs when we don't have the cues we need to access the memory The memory is still available, but can only be retrieved when a suitable cue is provided |
| Cue | A 'trigger' of information allowing us to access a memory. Cues may be linked directly or indirectly. Cues may be external (environmental e.g. go downstairs to remember what you went up for) or internal (mood or degree of drunkenness e.g. learning on antihistamine drugs and recalling on them) |
| Eyewitness testimony | Ability of people to remember the detail of event e.g. accidents and crimes that have been observed Accuracy of eyewitness testimony can be affected by factors e.g. misleading info, leading questions and anxiety |
| Misleading information | Incorrect information given to the eyewitness usually after the event. E.g. leading questions, post event discussion between co witnesses and other people |
| Leading question | A question which, because of the way its phrased, SUGGESTS A CERTAIN ANSWER. E.g. 'Was the knife in the accused left hand?' This suggests the answer if 'left hand'. |
| Post event discussion | Occurs when there's more than one witness to an event. Witnesses may discuss what they've seen with co-witnesses or with other people. This may influence witness recall |
| Anxiety | State of emotional and physical arousal Worried thoughts and feelings of tension Increased heart rate and sweatiness Anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations, but can affect the accuracy and detail of eyewitness testimony |
| Cognitive interview | Method of interviewing eyewitnesses to help them retrieve more accurate memories Uses 4 techniques: report everything, reinstate context, change perspective, reverse the order |
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