7116569
Description
Flashcards by Lisza Neumeier, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lisza Neumeier
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Paradigmatic vs. syntagmatic | |
| Susan likes ____? Question of what can come next; what can be combined with the rest of the sentence? | Syntagmatic |
| Does she like burgers? No, she loves burgers!!! Questions of what words can be used to replacer certain words. | paradigmatic |
| Paradigmatic relation: | 'vertical' relationship of linguistic forms which can replace each other in a structure. |
| Syntagmatic relation: | 'horizontal' relationship holding between linguistic forms which co-occur in the same structure. |
| Paradigmatic relations: Different types of synonym | 1.) Near-synonym: start – begin, finish – end, answer – reply... 2.) Emotional: Mum – Mummy, kitten – kitty, Daniel – Danny... 3.) Regional: lorry – truck, sweets – candy, schauen – gucken... 4.)Stylistic: car – automobile, big – substantial, get – obtain... |
| Paradigmatic relations: What is a euphemism? | the substitution of an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the listener; sometimes used to avoid taboo words but also for fun. --> Less offensive / more pleasant |
| Paradigmatic relations: antonymy | Opposite meaning Open – Closed Clean – Dirty Big – Small Right – Wrong Eat – Drink Black – White Young – Old Husband – Wife Do – Undo Good – Bad |
| Paradigmatic relations: Four types of antonym: | • Gradable • Non-gradable • Reversives • Converses |
| Paradigmatic relations: Gradable antonyms | like a scale / continuum comparative test |
| Paradigmatic relation: Non-gradable antonyms | either one or the other dead-alive true-false on-off comparative test not possible |
| Paradigmatic relations: Reversives | one is the reverse action of the other enter - exit open - close dress - undress |
| paradigmatic relations converses | referring to a relationship from different points of view • Buy – Sell • Mother – Daughter • Predator – Prey • Lend – Borrow --> If there is one, there has to be the other |
| Paradimgatic relations: hyponomy | X is a kind of Y A labrador is a kind of dog. A rose is a kind of flower. A strawberry is a kind of fruit. |
| Paradimgatic relations: hyponomy terms | |
| paradigmatic relations: hyponymy lexical sets | |
| Paradigmatic relations: connection between synonymy and semantic features? | same set of semantic features |
| Paradigmatic relations: connection between antonymy and semantic features? | one semantic feature is different |
| Paradigmatic relations: connection between hyponymy and semantic features? | hyponyms contain all the features of the hypernym, plus additional features |
| paradigmatic relations summary | |
| syntagmatic relations: What is collocation? | -> The statistical tendency for lexical items to co-occur (i.e. what words tend to ‘go together’) He has blond hair *She has a blond car? --> She has a beige / yellow car To do your homework to have an experience he's a handsome |
| Collocations can be ____in_____ languages, e.g. | Collocations can be different in different languages, e.g. |
| syntagmatic relations: Collocation bonds? | words don’t need to be next to each other to co-occur Argument - strong -You make a strong argument.. -His argument was strenghened by.. -The strength of her argument.. -He argued strongly for ... |
| syntagmatic relations: Highly-fixed collocations?? | Formulaic phrases, highly conventionalized |
| syntagmatic relations: what is an idiom? | A conventionalized phrase whereby the meaning cannot be derived from its components eg. It's raining cats and dogs |
| idioms: strong syntactic restrictions? | --> Can’t usually change things like word order since the phrase is so fixed |
| Metonymy? | --> A new use of a word based on a close connection in everyday experience |
| 3 types of metonymy | 1.) Content - container I drank the whole bottle/I finished my plate/I ate the whole packet 2.) Function - symbol Parliament has declared--/The White house has announced 3.) Whole - part We counted 24 heads/ iI've got a new set of wheels |
| Metaphor? | --> Seeing one thing in terms of another eg. seeing argument as war or ideas as food |
| summary metonymy and metaphor |
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