8388503
Description
Flashcards by izzy smith, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by izzy smith
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| cell surface membrane - the membrane found on the surface of animal cells and just inside the cell wall of other cells. made up of lipids and protein. | regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell. also has receptor molecules on it, which allow it to respond to chemicals such as hormones. |
| nucleus - a large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which contains many pores. the nucleus contains chromosomes called a nucleolus. | the nucleus controls the cell's activities (by controlling the transcription of dna). dna contains instructions to make proteins. the pores allow substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. the nucleolus makes ribosomes. |
| mitochondrion - they're usually oval shaped. they have a double membrane - the inner one is folded to form structures called cristae. inside is the matrix, which contains enzymes involved in respiration. | the site of aerobic respiration. aerobic respiration produces atp - a common energy source in the cell. mitochondria are found in large numbers in cells that are very active and require a lot of energy. |
| chloroplast - a small, flattened structure found in plant and algal cells, surrounded by a double membrane, containing thylakoid membranes. these are stacked to form grana and linked by lamellae (thin, flat pieces of membrane). | the site where photosynthesis takes place. some parts of photosynthesis happen in the grana, and other parts happen in the stroma (a thick fluid found in chloroplasts). |
| golgi apparatus - a group of fluid-filled membrane-bound flattened sacs. vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs. | processes and packages new lipids and proteins. golgi apparatus also makes lysosomes. |
| golgi vesicles - a small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane and produced by the golgi apparatus. | stores lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell (via the cell-surface membrane). |
| lysosome - a round organelle surrounded by a membrane, with no clear internal structure. it's a type of golgi vesicle. | contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes. these are kept separate from the cytoplasm by the surrounding membrane, and can be used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cell. |
| ribosome - a very small organelle which floats free in the cytoplasm or is attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. it's made up of proteins and rna. it's not surrounded by a membrane. | the site where proteins are made. |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum a system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. the surface is covered with ribosomes. | folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes. |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum similar to rough endoplasmic reticulum, but with no ribosomes. | synthesises and processes lipids. |
| cell wall - a rigid structure that surrounds cells in plants, algae and fungi. in plants and algae it's made mainly of the carbohydrate cellulose. in fungi, it's made of chitin. | supports cells and prevents them from changing shape. |
| cell vacuole (plants) - a membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm. it contains cell sap - a weak solution of sugar and salts. the surrounding membrane is called the tonoplast. | helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keep the cell rigid. this stops plants wilting. it's also involved in the isolation of unwanted chemicals inside the cell. |
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