Evolution Flashcards

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1 Honors Biology Honors (Evolution) Flashcards on Evolution Flashcards, created by Stefania Schoen on 19/04/2017.
Stefania Schoen
Flashcards by Stefania Schoen, updated more than 1 year ago
Stefania Schoen
Created by Stefania Schoen over 7 years ago
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Consists of all the genes, including all the different alleles for each gene, that are present in a population Gene Pool
The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool, compared to the total number of alleles in that pool for the same gene Allele Frequency
A trait controlled by only one gene; eg: shells with or without bands on snails Single-Gene Trait
Trait controlled by two or more genes; eg: height Polygenic Traits
When individuals at one end of the curve have higher frequencies than individuals in the middle or at the other end Directional Selection
When individuals near the center of the curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end Stabilizing Selection
When individuals at the outer ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle of the curve Disruptive Selection
In small populations, individuals that carry a particular allele may leave more descendants than other individuals leave, just by chance. Over time, a series of chance occurrences can cause an allele to become more or less common in a population. Genetic Drift
A change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in the size of a population Bottleneck Effect
Allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population Founder Effect
When a population is not evolving and allele frequencies in its gene pool do not change Genetic Equilibrium
Allele frequencies in a population should remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Individuals select mates based on heritable traits, such as size, strength, or coloration Sexual Selection
Population or group of populations whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring Species
Formation of a new species Speciation
Two populations that no longer interbreed Reproductive Isolation
Two populations that are capable of interbreeding develop differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors Behavioral Isolation
When two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water Geographic Isolation
When two or more species reproduce at different times Temporal Isolation
Comparing stretches of DNA to mark the passage of evolutionary time Molecular Clock
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