937016
| Question | Answer |
| Adams regarding E's aims | PROTECT PROTESTANTISM (wrong) |
| Warren regarding E's aim | NOT protecting Protestantism but to maintain England's security 'Religious toleration was only a secondary consideration to political advantage' |
| Wilson regarding E's aim | Purely reactive and lacked any overall aim or objective |
| Wernham on E's aim for Neths | 3 clear objectives - remove Spanish army / prevent French control / rerun Neths to self-gov |
| What was Foreign Policy | E's royal prerogative |
| Up to 1572 who dominated FP | Cecil |
| Who dominated FP from 1573-1587 | Walsingham |
| After 1587 who directed FP | Burghley again then his son Robert |
| Problem of division within PC example (Dutch revolt) | Cautious Cecil vs interventionist Leicester re Dutch revolt |
| What occasions were the full PC consulted upon | Marriage of MQS to Lord Darnley / Dutch policy after assassination of William of Orange |
| What was Elizabethan parliaments role in FP | Only really involved in discussion of MQS in 1572 |
| What did Parliament raise the issue of | the absence of a formal declaration of war with Spain both 1589 and 1593 |
| Success regarding national security? | Yh - England avoided invasion |
| Alan Smith's claim | claims 1585-1604 war decisive event in attempt by Counter-ref to suppress Protestantism. E’s intervention in Netherlands and later in France made sure that neither Catholicism nor Spain would win complete victory |
| RB Outhwaite | claims later Elizabethan inflation down to war with Spain and rebellion in Ireland, which increased demand for goods thus forcing up prices, leading to widespread poverty |
| How had long-standing English policy towards France changed by 1603 | France no longer seen as major threat to English national security. Both England and France afraid of Spain. |
| Black's assessment of E's FP | The chief object of her diplomacy was to get herself into a position of unassailable security and power. Therefore she exploited every chance/ally etc. She was a realist and an opportunist. This is why she didn’t want to help continental Protestants – only had her own secular aims in mind. |
| Rowse's assessment of E's FP | All centered on the revolt in the Netherlands. The English interest was that neither Spain nor France got it! Elizabeth’s defence and calculation of risk was brilliant |
| P S Crowson's assessment of Elizabethan FP | ‘the 45 years of Elizabeth’s reign was a time of pessimism, of insecurity and of agonizing national danger under the overshadowing power first of France and then of Spain’ |
| Wilson's Assessment of E's FP | Elizabethan policy reactionary. Policy a failure. E has no clear objectives and misconstrues circumstances. E.g overestimating power of France and failing to recognize significance of wars of religion as disruptive influence |
| Loades's Assessment on E's FP | Her strategy was defensive. Her intervention in France in 1562 was simply to recapture Calais. Scotland had nothing to do with Protestantism. It was all to do with protecting the borders from France. |
| Wernham's assessment on E's FP | Focus solely on Neths |
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