1528385
Description
Mind Map by sadiaali363, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sadiaali363
about 10 years ago
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Biological molecules
- Molecules found in living cells
- Metabolism:
- All chemical reactions in cells of an
organism
- Respiration, synthesising proteins from
amino acids
- Respiration, synthesising proteins from
amino acids
- Two types of Metabolism:
- Catabolism: Breaking down of
molecules
- Anabolism: Building up of large
molecules
- Catabolism: Breaking down of
molecules
- All chemical reactions in cells of an
organism
- Made up of 4 KEY elements:
- CARBON (C)
- Carbon Valency: 4
- Carbon Valency: 4
- NITROGEN (N)
- Nitrogen Valency: 3
- Nitrogen Valency: 3
- OXYGEN (O)
- Oxygen Valency : 2
- Oxygen Valency : 2
- HYDROGEN (H)
- Hydrogen Valency: 1
- Hydrogen Valency: 1
- VALENCY: Amount of chemical bonds an
element can form
- CARBON (C)
- Can ALSO include:
- Sodium (Na+)
- Poatssium (K+)
- Calcium (Ca2+)
- Iron (Fe2+)
- Magnesium (Mg2+)
- Chloride (Cl-)
- Sulphur (S)
- Phosphate (P)
- ALL found in biological in TRACE amounts
- Sodium (Na+)
- Your body
- Systems
- Organs
- Tissues
- Cells
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids/Fats
- Nucleic acids
- All come from food & macromolecules
- Macromolecules are made up of repeated smaller units
- Smaller units: monomers
- Smaller units: monomers
- Macromolecules are made up of repeated smaller units
- All come from food & macromolecules
- Nucleic acids
- 3 types of CARBOHYDRATES
- Monosaccharide: simple sugars with general
formula (CH2O)n
- GLUCOSE
- Abundant & very important monosacc
- Contains 6 CARBON atoms- HEXOSE sugar
- Genreal formula for HEXOSE sugars:
C6H1206 e.g. Fructose, Glucose, Galactose
- Genreal formula for HEXOSE sugars:
C6H1206 e.g. Fructose, Glucose, Galactose
- Contains 6 CARBON atoms- HEXOSE sugar
- Main ENERGY source for most cells
- Highly SOLUBLE
- Highly SOLUBLE
- Main form in which Carbs are
TRANSPORTED around body of
animals
- Glucose in diff forms are called STRUCTURAL ISOMERS
- ALPHA GLUCOSE
- BETA GLUCOSE
- Can be found in
cellulose (plant cells)
- Can be found in
cellulose (plant cells)
- ALPHA GLUCOSE
- Abundant & very important monosacc
- Other monomers: Fructose & Galactose
- FRUCTOSE
- SOLUBLE & main sugar in fruits & nectar
- Sweeter than Glucose
- HEXOSE sugar. C6H1206
- SOLUBLE & main sugar in fruits & nectar
- GALACTOSE
- Disaccharide found in lactose
- Lactose found in milk (sugar in milk).
- HEXOSE sugar C6H1206
- HEXOSE sugar C6H1206
- Lactose found in milk (sugar in milk).
- Disaccharide found in lactose
- FRUCTOSE
- GLUCOSE
- Disaccharides: 'Double sugars' formed from 2
monosaccs
- Polysaccharide: Large molecules formed from
monosaccs joined together.
- Monosaccharide: simple sugars with general
formula (CH2O)n
- Group of structural
material in organisms
- Lipids/Fats
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Systems
- ORGANIC
- Contains Carbon (C) & is found in living things
EXCEPT Carbon dioxide (CO2) & Bicarbonate ions
(HCO-3)
- Contains Carbon (C) & is found in living things
EXCEPT Carbon dioxide (CO2) & Bicarbonate ions
(HCO-3)
- PENTOSE
- Sugars that contain 5 carbon atoms
- Found in DNA & RNA
- Oxyribose & Deoxyribose
- Found in DNA & RNA
- Sugars that contain 5 carbon atoms
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