Mind map

cells

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cells

eukaryotic cells
- animal cells
  - centrioles
    - form spindle fibres
      - move the chromosomes during cell division.
    - made from microtubules 90 degrees next to each other and the nucleus.
  - cilia
    - lots together
    - 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
    - moves substances over the surface of the cell
  - undulipodia
    - same structure as the cilia but they are longer so there tends to be only one or two in a cell.
  - small temporary vacuole
    - assist in exo and endocytosis.
  - lysosomes
    - contain digestive enzymes
      - to digest worn down organelles
- plant cells
  - chlorophyll
    - green in colour
    - absorbs the light in photosynthesis
  - chloroplasts
    - site of photosynthesis
  - cell wall
    - structural support and protection
  - large permanent vacuole
    - contribute to the rigidty of the cell by using water
    - store nutrient and non-nutrient chemicals
    - break down complex molecules
- nucleus
  - nucleolus
  - stores genetic material
- rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
  - flattened membranes with proteins attached to it.
  - transports proteins to the golgi
- smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
  - synthesises and transports lipids.
  - same structure as rER but without ribosomes attached to it.
- mitochondrion
  - produce ATP by aerobic respiration
  - oblong or sausage shaped
- ribosomes
  - protein synthesis
  - made of 2 subunits
- golgi apparatus
  - modifies and packages proteins from the rER
  - series of flattened stacked membranes
- plasma membrane
  - allows substances in and out of the cell
prokaryotic cells
- bacteria
  - slime layer
    - additional protection layer
  - cytoplasm
    - region where DNA material is held
      - circular naked DNA
      - nucleoid
  - bacterial flagellum
    - for movement
    - doesn't have a 9+2 microtubules
  - bacterial chromosome
    - contains the genome
  - Ribosomes
    - 70s smaller than eukaryotes
  - plasmid
    - small loops of DNA that may contain Anti-Biotics
  - mesosome
    - site of ATP production
  - plasma membrane
    - controls the movement in and out of the cell
  - cell wall
    - made of peptidoglycan