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PVD

Risk factors
1. Smoking
2. Diabetes
3. Obesity
4. Hypertension
5. Hyperlipidemia
6. Age
7. Family history
8. High homocysteine protein
Causes
1. Atherosclerosis
2. Blood vessel inflammation
3. Injury to limbs
4. Anomalies
5. Radiation exposure
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
Signs and symptoms
1. Intermittent claudication in calf
2. Changes in skin
3. Diminished pulse in lower limbs
4. Gangrene
5. Impotence
6. Non-healing wounds over pressure points
7. Numbness
8. Pain
9. Pallor when legs are elevated
Diagnosis of PVD
1. Medical history
2. Physical examination
  1. Ankle brachial pressure index
3. Blood lipid profile
4. Doppler ultrasound flow studies
5. CT scan
6. Angiogram
7. MRI
8. Treadmill exercise test
9. Pulse volume recording waveform analysis
Complications
1. Amputation
2. Poor wound healing
3. Restricted mobility due to pain or discomfort
4. Severe pain
5. Stroke
6. Heart attack
Prognosis
1. Very poor long term prognosis
2. Increase 10 year mortality 15 times higher
Treatment
1. Antihyperlipidemic drug
2. ACE inhibitors
3. Diuretics
4. Beta blockers
5. Calcium channel blockers
6. Stenting

PVD

	Created by Rama Ibrahim over 5 years ago