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2303953
F212 Unit 2: Food and Health
Description
Unfinished - mindmap of food and health unit of module F212, hope it helps
No tags specified
f212
biology
aslevel
alevel
foodandhealth
module 2 food and health
f212 module 2
alevel biology f212
biology
f212 - molecules, biodiversity, food and health
a levels
Mind Map by
Gurdev Manchanda
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Gurdev Manchanda
over 9 years ago
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Resource summary
F212 Unit 2: Food and Health
Response to disease
specific immune response
produces antibodies
immunoglobulins - large proteins w/ specific shape complimentary to antigen of pathogen
structure= 4 polypeptide chains joined w/ disulfide bridges
constant region - heavy polypeptide chain - enables antibody to attach to pathogen -helps in phagocytosis
Variable region - ARMS - specific shape complimentary to antigen - bind to pathogen
Hinge region- flexibility - allow antibody to attach to more than one antigen
NEUTRALISATION - antibodies cover pathogen binging sites - prevent pathogen from binding to host cell or entering
AGGLUTINATION - Large antibody binds with many pathogen - group becomes too large to enter host cell
gives immunity to the disease bc produces immunological memory release of memory cells
non specific response
phagocytes
phagocytosis
phagocyte identifies foreign antigen
cytoplasm moves around pathogen engulfing it
pathogen in phagocytic vacuole
lysosome fuses w/ phagocytic vacuole
digestive enzymes break down pathogen, absorbed into cytoplasm
phagocyte presents foreign antigens of pathogen
activate other immune system cells
neutrophils
macrophages
Antigen Presenting Cells
incorporate antigen of pathogen into a cell surface molecule
Plants and animals as food
microorganisms spoil food
keeping food fresh
salting = inhibits growth of microorganisms by decreasing water potential gradient of water into cell
Disease
Effects of lifestyle
diet
obesity
cancer
cardiovascular disease
type 2 diabetes
CHD
due to atherosclerosis (deposit of fatty substances in walls of coronary arteries)
narrows lumen
restricts blood flow
can cause oxygen starvation
Increase Risk
excess salt
fats
saturated fats = low density lipoproteins
animal fats
cholesterol
stabilizes plasma membranes & is found in the skin
insoluble in water tf must be transported in form of lipoproteins
LP's are combinations of fats, proteins and CHOLESTEROL
HDL'S
unsaturated fats, cholesterol and protein
body tissue back to liver
used in cell metabolism - to make bile
broken down
reduce blood cholesterol levels
polyunsaturated fats = increase activity of LDL receptors = decrease concentration of LDL's
reduce blood cholesterol levels
monounsaturated fats help remove LDL's from blood
LP's are released into blood and are taken up by cells that have the correct receptor sites
Decrease risk
dietary fibre
moderate alcohol consumption
oily fish
smoking
pathogenic organisms
fungi
Trichopyton rubrum = athletes foot
bacteria
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis = TB
viruses
Human Immunodeficiency Virus = HIV = AIDS
proctists
microorganisms to make food
need for conservation
improving growth of plants and animals
Yoghurt- lactobacillus bacteria uses lactose sugar in milk to make lactic acid = causes protein in milk to thicken
Cheese is made from milk that has curdled = lactobacillus bacteria acts upon the curd
Quorn mycoprotein single cell protein made by fungus
microorganisms to make antibiotics, plants to supply new medicines
search for new sources of medicine
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