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Coordination and Response in Humans
Description
Cambridge IGCSE Biology (Coordination and Response) Mind Map on Coordination and Response in Humans, created by MusicGirl98 on 29/09/2013.
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biology
coordination and response
biology
coordination and response
cambridge igcse
Mind Map by
MusicGirl98
, updated more than 1 year ago
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MusicGirl98
almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Coordination and Response in Humans
Homeostasis
The ability of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment in response to changing environmental or internal conditions
Negative feedback
If a particular variable (e.g. temperature) moves away from its normal value, different mechanisms work together to bring it back to the norm
Thermoregulation
Heat given off by
F - Blood flow in capillaries increases
Vasodilation
D - Hair muscles relax. Hairs lie flat so heat can escape.
E - Sweat secreted by sweat glands. Cools skin by evaporation.
Skeletal muscles shiver - energy released due to increased movement
Heat conserved by
C - Blood flow in capillaries decreases.
Vasoconstriction
A - Hair muscles pull hairs on end.
B - Erect hairs trap air.
Thermoregulatory centre in brain
receptors which are sensitive to temperature of blood flowing through the brain
Impulses from skin recepors
Nervous system
Receptors detect a stimulus
Sensory neurones carry electrical impulses to spinal cord
Relay neurones carry the impulses in the spinal cord
Motor neurones carry the impulses to the effector
Effectors carry out the response
Reflex Arc - Sensory, Relay, Motor
sticky out circle means sensory
Responds to change
Fast, short lived response
Central Nervous System decides what to do
Effectors are a muscle or gland
NOT a part of nervous system
Hormones
Responds to change
Slow, long lasting response
ADH
Increased permeability of kidney tubules to water, so more water is reabsorbed and less urine is produced
Pituitary gland
Adrenaline
'Fight or flight' hormone, increases heart and breathing rate, diverts blood flow to skeletal muscles and brain
Adrenal glands
Insulin
Produced when blood glucose level increases. Enables the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage.
Pancreas
Testosterone
Development of male secondary sexual characteristics
Testes
Oestrogen
Development of female secondary sexual characteristics, control of the menstrual cycle
Ovaries
Progesterone
Maintains the uterus lining (endometrium) during pregnancy
Ovaries
The Eye
Iris Reflex
Bright Light
Circular muscles contract, Pupil constricts, Less light enters eye
Dim Light
Radial muscles contract, Pupil dilates, More light enters eye
Media attachments
hairs_hot.gif (image/gif)
hairs_cold.gif (image/gif)
reflex_arc (image/jpg)
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