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Bones, Joints and Muscles

What does the skeleton do?
1. 2. Protects vital organs
2. 1. Support and structure
3. 3. Produce red blood cells
4. 4. Movement
Bones!
1. Arm
  1. Upper Arm = Humerous
  2. Lower Arm
    1. Radius - on top
    2. Ulna - Underneath
    3. Arm
  3. Wrist = Carpals
  4. Hand = Metacarpals
  5. Fingers = Phalanges
    1. Appendicular Skeleton
2. Head and Shoulders
  1. Skull = Cranium
  2. Jaw = Mandible
  3. Shoulder Blade = Scapula
  4. Collar Bone = Clavical
3. Central Core
  1. Breast Bone = Sternum
  2. Ribs
  3. Spine = Vertebrae
  4. Tail Bone = Coccyx
    1. Axial Skeleton
4. Legs
  1. Upper Leg = Femur
  2. Knee Cap = Patella
  3. Lower Leg
    1. Tibia (bigger bone - shin)
    2. Fibula (smaller bone)
  4. Ankle = Carpals
  5. Foot = Metacarpals
  6. Toes = Phalanges
5. 1. Hip Bone = Pelvis
Joints
1. Hinge + Ball and Socket
  1. Movable/ Synovial Joint
    1. Where two or more bones meet
    2. Has cartilage
      1. Soft, spongy material that stops bones rubbing together
        Protects the end of the bone
        Cushions the bone - Shock absorber
    3. Synovial Fluid
      1. Acts like a lubricant
        Stops stiffness or sticking in the joint
        Aids movement
  2. Allows a wide range of movement
    1. Flexion
      1. Decreasing the angle around a joint
    2. Extension
      1. Increasing the angle around a joint
    3. Adduction
      1. Moving a body part towards the axial skeleton
    4. Abduction
      1. Moving a body part away from the axial skeleton
    5. Circumduction (Rotation)
Tendons
1. Attach muscle to bone
  1. Remember: if ligaments connect bones to bones then tendons must attach muscle to bone
Ligaments
1. Attach bones to bones
  1. Remember: Lig sounds like leg and you leg is made up of bones so a ligament must attach bones to bones
To help heal any muscular injury, you need to use RICE
1. R = Rest
2. I = Ice
3. C = Compression
4. E = Elevation
Name all the muscles (labelled a-n) --->
3 types of muscles
1. 1. Involuntary
  1. They work all the time without you doing/ thinking about it
    1. E.G. Gut, Stomach, Bladder etc.
2. 2. Voluntary
  1. The muscles that work on your command. You have to contract and relax them
    1. E.G. Bicep, Quads, Pectorals
    2. Voluntary muscles work in pairs
      1. Agonist
        The working muscle
        It becomes shorter and fatter as it contracts
      2. Antagonist
        Non-working muscle
        It becomes longer and thinner as it relaxes
3. 3. Cardiac
  1. Only applies to your heart

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Bones, Joints and Muscles

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	Created by AKaur over 9 years ago