3199382
Description
Mind Map by Shubh Malde, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Shubh Malde
over 9 years ago
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Nutrition, digestion and excretion
- The seven nutrients
are carbohydrates,
proteins, lipids(fats
and oils), minerals,
vitamins, fibre, water
- Each person needs a different
amount of energy depending on
factors such as: gender (male or
female), age, amount of daily activity
- A one-year-old baby needs 3850 kJ each
day to continue to grow, whereas an adult
Olympic swimmer in training needs 15,600
kJ each day
- Too little food=underweight
too much food=overweight
- The average man needs about 10,470
kJ per day, and the average woman
needs about 8370 kJ per day.
- KJ is the
meauserment for food
energy
- .An poor diet can contain
too much or too little of a
particular nutrient. Too little
of a nutrient, you have a
deficiency. For example,
fibre keeps food moving
through the intestines,
people who have a fibre
deficiency may get
constipation.
- vitamin A deficiency can cause blindness,
vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy, which
makes the gums bleed and vitamin D
deficiency causes rickets, which makes the
legs bow outwards in growing children
- The food we eat has to be
broken down into other
substances that our bodies can
use. This is called digestion.
Without digestion, we could not
absorb food into our bodies and
use it.
- After we swallow, our food passes
through these organs in turn: oesophagus
or gullet, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine
- Enzymes are not living things. They are
special proteins that can break large
molecules into small molecules. Different
enzymes break down different things:
amylase and other carbohydrase enzymes
break down starch into sugar, protease
enzymes break down proteins into amino
acids, lipase enzymes break down lipids
(fats and oils) into fatty acids and glycerol
- Absorption across a surface
happens quickly and efficiently if:
the surface is thin its area is
large The inner wall of the small
intestine has adaptation so that
substances pass across it
quickly and efficiently:-it has a
thin wall, just one cell thick it has
many tiny villi to give a really big
surface area
- Waste is passed on
and excreted
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