Genotype VS. phenotype: genetic
makeup- phenotype- genotype is
put together
Polygenic Inheritance- characteristics
that are influenced by more than one
pair of genes
Investing Hereditary Influence: Research Methods
Family studies:
Twin studies: Identical and fraternal
Adoption studies: relation between adopted child and biological and adoptive parents
Cutting the edge:
Genetic mapping-
determined location and
chemical sequence of
specific genes on specific
chromosomes
Evolutionary bases of behaviour
Darwin's Insights
Fitness- reproductive success of an
individual organism relative to the average
reproductive success in the population
Natural selection- heritable
characteristics that provide a
survival or reproductive
advantage are more likely than
alternative characteristics to be
passed on to subsequent
generations and thus come to be
"selected" over time.
Subsequent Refinements to evolutionary Theory
mutation- spontaneous, heritable change in a piece of DNA that
occurs in an individual organism
Adaptation- inherited characteristic that increased in a populaation
becuase it helped solve a problem of survival or reproduction during
the time it emerged.